Home昔日真理報2012年 真理報文章2012 年 3 月【社會心】聖經與酒 (15) - 新約中的酒(上)

【社會心】聖經與酒 (15) - 新約中的酒(上)

 

在新約27卷書信裡,描述有酒的經文共46節,除了耶穌的水變酒事件外,其餘大多是訓詞式的行為指引,小部分比喻以及在啟示錄中的寓意引用。本文重點是去探索新約福音書裡,酒所扮演的角色。

新酒只宜新皮袋

「也沒有人把新酒裝在舊皮袋裡;不然,皮袋脹裂,酒瀉出來,皮袋也就壞了。人乃是把新酒裝在新皮袋裡,兩樣就都得保全。」(太9:16-17)

耶穌以新酒入新舊不同皮袋會帶來不同影響,比喻祂的新教訓與當時傳統的宗教規條之不協調。當時的猶太人是用羊皮袋裝酒,當新的葡萄汁發酵成酒時,會產生氣體,而新皮袋柔軟可隨著伸展膨脹。但舊皮袋是已經膨脹過而變硬,所以若把新酒裝進舊皮袋裡,皮袋就會被脹破。所以祂說"沒有人會把新酒裝在舊皮袋裡"。"舊皮袋"代表著教會僵化的組織結構及儀式,頑固不化的老我。"新酒"預表著聖靈的工作,就是要做新事。主耶穌來,就是要打破宗教的硬殼,法利賽人的框框。

這個比喻其實也適用於現今所有將信仰變成規條化的教會或宗教組織。正如在舊約"耶和華喜愛憐恤,不喜愛祭祀。"同樣,耶穌也說"凡稱呼我主啊,主啊的人不能都進天國"耶穌的要求,是遵行父的旨意,行公義,好憐憫,愛人如己。我們要經常保持好像新酒入新袋的狀態,心意更新而變化,察驗何謂神善良純全可喜悅的旨意。酒入皮袋的比喻,仍然適用於現今世代。

吃喝對錯誰來定?

「人子來了,也喫也喝,人又說,看哪,一個貪食好酒的人,一個稅吏和罪人的朋友。但智慧從她的行為得稱為義。」(太11:19)

此段經文耶穌以又食又飲(酒)的日常行為,來帶出當時的法利賽人的挑剔,斥責他們對主耶穌的抗拒。他們把約翰頑強的禁慾行為和宣講審判的行為說成是魔鬼上身,又對耶穌之與不被人尊敬的人在一起吃喝產生排斥敵視。神的聲音,無論是講審判或寬恕,只要不符合他們(法利賽人)的常規,便一律拒絕。

此段經文背景是耶穌在加利利的時候,已經行過水變酒神跡,選了十二門徒,講了登山寶訓。此段說話是當施洗約翰的門徒來問耶穌「祂是否就是將要來臨的那一位(彌賽亞)」(表示他對耶穌的真正身份仍未肯定)。然後耶穌向祂的門徒肯定約翰所作的偉大事工,並比較施洗約翰和耶穌的工作模式皆不被認可。耶穌似在慨嘆當世代的人之膚淺及拒絕祂。簡單來說,不論是「不吃不喝」,或是「又吃又喝」,也都被不信的人所批評,因為不合他們的心意!酒,在此經文內沒有批評或讚賞之意,但亦反應出酒在當時社會,是普遍的生活之一部分,似隱含了「完全沒有非好事,經常吃喝也不宜」之意。

酒可療傷兼減痛

「上前把油和酒倒在他的傷處,包裹好了,扶他騎上自己的牲口,帶到客店裡照料他。」(路10:34)這經文是「好撒馬利亞人」的故事,主要是回答一位法律教師的提問: 「該做甚麼才能得到永恆的生命?」耶穌回應他要愛神,又要愛鄰人,如同愛自己。他追問誰是他的鄰人?耶穌便說出此故事,一位途人被搶劫打至半死,有祭司及宗教人士經過卻詐看不到,只有一位撒馬利亞人經過,用酒和油為他療傷,並帶他去旅店休息,兼代付費用。這是個經典聖經故事,很多人都聽過。今次將焦點放在酒上,可看到當時的人己有用酒消毒或減輕痛楚的常識,更普及至隨身攜帶,即時可用。在此節經文,不太刻意地帶出酒的作用,但注意,不是飲,而是用。

勿被酒肉累心靈

「你們自己要警醒!不要讓酒肉和生活上的憂慮麻痹你們的心靈,恐怕那日子要忽然臨到你們。」(路21:34,現代中文譯本) 這是耶穌對當時的人生活方式的警告!說這話的場合背景,是耶穌將要入耶路撒冷迎接最後晚餐之前夕,耶穌把握機會向門徒及群眾預言聖殿將被毀,往後將有大災難及戰爭,以及祂會再來。所以勸勉他們要警醒,不要被過分的飲宴醉酒生活,以及壓力憂慮,影響了等候主再來的心。

人的生命、際遇、健康、事業、家庭關係等等,皆可能會有高有低。開心時,難免會有吃喝飲宴,低迷時容易陷入壓力、憂愁之中,又會借酒消愁。這些事,基督徒也難免。主耶穌的勸導,也是祂對門徒(我們)的掛慮,就是要提醒我們在成功快樂時,不要過份放縱;失敗憂傷時,也不必過慮。酒可以使人喜悅,同樣也可以使人上癮跌倒。所以,我們應該將人生焦點放在耶穌身上,身邊的成敗得失亦不再是生死存亡般嚴重。

小結:

水能載舟,亦能覆舟。酒可增添喜悅,也會帶來沮喪。神賜給我們眾多美物讓人享用,也賜人智慧作選擇。親愛的上帝,請賜給我雅量去接受不可改變的事,賜給我勇氣去改變可以改變的事,並賜給我智慧去分辨兩者之差別。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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