Home昔日真理報2012年 真理報文章2012 年 8 月【特稿】聖經中的天文學記載不符合科學嗎?

【特稿】聖經中的天文學記載不符合科學嗎?

 

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根據現代天文學和地理學研究的結果,我們今天對晝夜的劃分,記號的標定,節令的更換,時間、日曆的來源,人生年歲的數算等,確實如此產生而來:根據天上的光體、地球的自轉和繞太陽的公轉(地球以 23.5度的傾斜角度,以每小時 1,044哩的速度自傳,以每小時 66,600哩的速度公轉),我們就因此確定了晝(白天)與夜(夜晚)更換的概念(分晝夜)。根據地球的運轉,月亮和其它星象的變化規律,我們就因此計算出月份(作記號)。根據月亮和其它星際的關係,以及地球在運轉中產生的氣候變化、季節差異,所以,我們就因此確定了不同的季節 — 春、夏、秋、冬(定節令)。又由於地球繞太陽公轉一周所用的時間,我們因此用來確定一年為365天(日子)。也因為地球繞太陽公轉一周所花的時間,我們用它來計算人類的壽數(年歲)。如果地球沒有這個傾斜角度,則南北極將處於黑暗,海洋水蒸氣就會向南北發散,造成冰洲,赤道及冰洲間將變成沙漠,海洋縮小,全球雨量將急劇減少而造成嚴重的惡果。

《聖經》特別提起月亮與節令之間的關係,即「祂安置月亮為定節令,......」(詩篇第104篇第19節,成書時間:公元前1040-970年)。現代科學發展了,我們才逐漸明白月亮的週期運動與氣候、海水的潮汐變化等之間有著密切的關系。現代科學家告訴我們,月球與地球之間的平均距離為384,400公里,海水每日兩次退潮漲潮為月球的引力之故,海洋某些區域可上漲60尺之高,地殼亦可外凸數尺。如果月球與地球之間的距離縮短為54,000公里的話,則海水必定被月球的引力所吸,潮水可將整個陸地及高山淹沒。 神說:海水沖出,如同胎胞,那時誰將它關閉呢?是我用雲彩當海的衣服,用幽暗當包裹它的布,為它定界線,又安門和閂,說:「你只可到這裡,不可越過;你狂傲的浪要到此止住。」(約伯記第38章第8-11節,成書時間:公元前970-930年,即所羅門時代)可見, 神創造的奧秘實在深不可測;祂話語裡所發出的真理亮光,人實在無法盡取。

16世紀的天主教會受到意大利神學家托馬斯•阿奎那(Thomas Aquinas, 1225-1274)哲學思想的影響,從而接受了古希臘哲學家亞里斯多德(Aristotle, 384-322 B.C.)以地球為中心的「地心說」(Geocentric Theory),錯誤地認為地球是宇宙的中心。他的神學觀直到20世紀60年代仍然是天主教的標準神學系統。當時幾乎所有的科學家都同教廷一樣堅持「地心說」。然而,波蘭著名天文學家兼數學家尼可勞斯•哥白尼博士、牧師(Dr. Pastor Nicolaus Copernicus, 1473-1543),窮20多年(1507-1530)之心力完成了《天體運行論》(De Revolutionibus Orbium Coeleslium)一書,從科學的角度提出了「日心說」(The Heliocentric, or Sun-centered System),即太陽相對恆靜不動(自轉),地球和其它行星乃繞之而行,從而證實了公元500年前希臘哲學家、數學家、天文學家畢達哥拉斯(Pythagoras of Samos, 582-500 B.C.)對此的揣測,因此奠定了近代天文學的基礎。《聖經》告訴我們:「日頭自知沉落」、「日頭出來,日頭落下,急歸所出之地。」(詩篇第104篇第19節;傳道書第1章第5節,成書時間:公元前970-930年)現代科學家告訴我們,整個太陽系以每秒13英哩的速度繞星團的中心運動,說明太陽有它自己的運行軌跡。到這個時候,人類才真正弄明白這個天體運行規律。然而, 神早在約3000年前就告訴世人:「你知道天的定例嗎?能使地歸在天的權下嗎?」(約伯記第38章第33節)這裡,令人無法不信服的是,經文中非常清楚地宣告了,地球被控制在(歸在)以太陽為中心的萬有引力下(天的權下)運轉。

值得一提的是,某些歷史學家將羅馬天主教廷與意大利著名數學家、物理學家、天文學家和哲學家伽利萊•伽利略教授(Professor Galilei Galileo, 1564-1642,基督徒)的衝突,解釋為基督教與科學的衝突,是完全錯誤的。因為該事件很明顯地告訴我們,雙方都篤信《聖經》的權威,衝突的本質其實是解釋《聖經》的原則不同罷了。伽利略認為凡是涉及到有關科學的經文,都應該按照科學重新解釋。這就觸動了教廷的中樞神經了,因為當時的教廷對如何解釋《聖經》的權威問題特別敏感。筆者在此直言不諱地指出:這些歷史學家對此所作出的誤判,從而對全世界人民所產生如此嚴重、深刻、持久的誤導,是一件令人非常失望的事!

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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