Home昔日真理報2012年 真理報文章2012 年 9 月【社會心】認識自身的情緒

【社會心】認識自身的情緒

 

情緒是與生俱來的,會有波動變化。人不可能永遠處在好情緒之中,生活中既然有挫折、有煩惱,就會有消極的情緒。一個心理成熟的人,不是沒有消極情緒,而是善於調節和控制自己的情緒。學習情緒智能(EQ),就是要讓我們在處理人和事有更佳的成效。按EQ大師Daniel Goleman的界定,EQ包括五大項目:一、認識自身的情緒。二、妥善管理情緒。三、自我激勵。四、認知他人的情緒。五、人際關係的管理。首先,是認識自己的情緒。

日本武士問天堂

有一個日本古老傳說,一個好勇鬥狠的武士向一位老禪師詢問天堂與地獄的意義。老禪師輕蔑地說:「你不過是個粗鄙的人,我沒有時間跟你這種人論道。」武士惱羞成怒,拔劍大吼:「老漢無禮,看我一劍殺死你。」禪師緩緩道:「這就是地獄。」武士恍然大悟,心平氣和納劍入劍鞘,鞠躬感謝禪師的指點。禪師道:「這就是天堂。」

武士的省悟說出了人在情緒激動時往往並不自知。著名學者蘇格拉底的名言「認識自己」,所指的便是在激動的那刻,要掌握自己的情感。

很多人都會問:「自己的情緒感受,自己不是最清楚的嗎?」各位不妨仔細一想,你是否有時在面對重大壓力或極度憤怒後,會感到「茫然」, 「很複雜」,甚至是一言難盡?也許過了一段時間,事過境遷後才體會當時的感受。

抽身跳出看清楚
Daniel Goleman提出一個很有用的概念來幫助我們「認識自我」,簡單來說,人可以是處於情緒凌亂的我,可以是困擾、哀傷或憤怒等等;同時可以有另外一個我,是冷靜、客觀、中立、自省,心清如鏡,與另外一個受困擾的我並存;好比受困擾的那位是演員,另一位客觀的是導演,在冷靜觀看。如你在巨大壓力困擾下仍能可以「抽空」出來,以另一角度看同一事情,卻不加批判,不衝動,你將更容易取得平衡,甚至可以幫你選取更合宜的反應,使事情不致「不可收拾」。

激動火爆需冷靜

強與珍同居了三年,雙方就是否結婚的事上,先後進退多次。有時,男提出,女拒絕;然後女暗示綠燈放出,男又要諸多考慮,說要有更佳事業基礎。直至最近雙方又因工作壓力,經濟緊迫,房屋漏水需較大筆金錢維修等等,再次陷入劇烈爭吵。女方又再暗示要他搬出(又似是給予壓力要對方積極找收入,又似是感情的最後通牒,又似是洒花槍),令強感到無所適從。他難以面對真的分手(因已多年一起),但又要面對工作巨大壓力,已出現過「忽然斷片」,不懂回應的情況。他在無法處理之下,情緒甚為波動,在朋友勸諭下,毅然決定進入醫院接受治療;在這時刻,強的妹妹惠玲卻介入,一方面探訪哥哥以表關懷,盡聽心中情;另方面又去探訪珍,安慰她,聽她心聲,但非常支持她提出分手的行動細節,甚至主動提供協助,更叫她不要心軟,似是很想見到他們的分裂。惠玲的介入,使珍好像失去自己決定能力,任憑對方擺佈。

此情況的真正當事人是強和珍,彼此之間的情感和經濟問題,便應該由雙方作主要決定,旁人,即使是親人,也只是給予輔助支持而不應代作決定;所以,強和珍在向惠玲傾訴時,或許當時頗為激動,或是六神無主,亦不要讓理智埋沒,任由情緒帶動,結果可能會作出更差勁,更不理想的決定。倘若類似情景再度出現,雙方皆可嘗試在情緒激動時,跳出自己,凌空或遠一點看整幅圖畫。

要知道,無論如何激動,你都仍然有理智那部分,只是被掩蓋壓抑而已。你可能難以逃避憤怒,哀傷或激動的情緒,但你可以選擇表達的方式,不會傷害自己或別人。大前題是,你要知道自己的情勢是甚麼。

探究自己屬何類

就此,你可能會問,怎樣可以有此功力如此客觀應對?那便要看你過往的情緒反應通常處於那種狀態。事實上,在同一緊急或意外情況下,人人都有不一樣的反應。Daniel Goleman便提出三類常見的情緒反應類別:

1.難以自拔型:這類人的特徵常常覺得自己無力抗拒情緒威力,自己無法逃脫,也無法控制,索性任由情緒帶動。這是被動,不採取抗衡,但求能夠找到有片刻安穩,其實是經常擔憂恐懼,因為一切非由自己作主。

2.逆來順受型:這類人的特徵是明白自己的感受,但逆來順受,不求改變。這型又可分兩支,A 型是經常保持愉快,安於現狀,因而缺乏改變的動機;B 型是經常處於情緒惡劣卻任由命運擺佈,結果是走向抑鬱。

3.自覺型:這類人的特徵非常清楚自己的情緒狀態,自主性強,進退得宜,樂觀向上,即使情緒不佳時,也不會過度憂思,很快便走出低谷。他們較善於管理情緒。

簡單來說,你對情緒的反應是傾向於被動而讓情緒帶動,抑或是逆來順受?還是在自己掌握之下?下期繼續討論「認識自己情緒」的方法技巧。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

Go to top