Home昔日真理報2012年 真理報文章2012 年 10 月【進入應許之地】分配應許之地(2)

【進入應許之地】分配應許之地(2)

 

約瑟家族人數眾多,是因為包括了兩個宗族,「約瑟的子孫拈鬮所得之地是從靠近耶利哥的約但河起,以耶利哥東邊的水為界:從耶利哥上去,通過山地的曠野,到伯特利;又從伯特利到路斯,接連到亞基人的境界,至亞他綠;又往西下到押利提人的境界,到下伯和崙的境界,直到基色,通到海為止。約瑟的兒子瑪拿西、以法蓮就得了他們的地業。」(書16:1-4)

約瑟家族的代表與約書亞談話解釋了這獨一無二的分配方法:「耶和華到如今既然賜福與我們,我們也族大人多,你為什麼僅將一鬮一段之地分給我們為業呢?」約書亞說:「你們如果族大人多,嫌以法蓮山地窄小,就可以上比利洗人、利乏音人之地,在樹林中砍伐樹木。」約瑟的子孫說:「那山地容不下我們,並且住平原的迦南人,就是住伯善和屬伯善的鎮市,並住耶斯列平原的人,都有鐵車。」約書亞對約瑟家,就是以法蓮和瑪拿西人,說:「你是族大人多,並且強盛,不可僅有一鬮之地,山地也要歸你,雖是樹林,你也可以砍伐;靠近之地必歸你。迦南人雖有鐵車,雖是強盛,你也能把他們趕出去。」(書17:14-18)。

其中提到基色,最可惜的是:「以色列人卻沒有趕逐基述人、瑪迦人;這些人仍住在以色列中,直到今日。」「他們沒有趕出住基色的迦南人」(16:10)(基色:參10:33)基色最後被埃及佔取,送給所羅門王作結婚禮物(王上9:16),作苦工的僕人,是那在所羅門手下作苦工的加註。「沒有將迦南人趕出去」(17:13),是進入應許之地美中不足的事。同時,其後在分裂王國時期,南國以猶大支派為主,所有王都背叛耶和華上帝的北國,則以此時人數眾多的以法蓮支派為主,「以法蓮」也成了北國的代名詞。

在示羅(會幕設立在示羅,並留在那裡到撒母耳的時代,撒上4:3),分給其餘各支派之地(18、19章)是用拈鬮決定。這方法並非聽天由命,而是在耶和華面前一種神聖行動(書18:1、10),根據《歷代志上》廿四至廿六章的記載,各種神聖的職位是用掣籤方式交給各不同的祭司家族;《尼希米記》(11:1、2)百姓也樂意接受這方法:「百姓的首領住在耶路撒冷。其餘的百姓掣籤,每十人中使一人來住在聖城耶路撒冷,那九人住在別的城邑。凡甘心樂意住在耶路撒冷的,百姓都為他們祝福。」

由此,便雅憫分得的地業,在猶大與以法蓮兩強大支派的緩衝地區,北界即以法蓮之南界(16:1),其南界即猶大之北界(15:15);西緬分得的地業(第二鬮)(19:1-9 );西布倫分得的地業(第三鬮)(19:10-16);以薩迦分得的地業(第四鬮)(19:17-23);亞設分得的地業(第五鬮)(19:24-31);拿弗他利分得的地業(第六鬮)(19:32-39);但分得的地業(第七鬮)(19:40-48)。

在分配應許之地(約但河西),最先記迦勒所得之地(14:6-15),最後記約書亞所得之地(19:49-51)。約書亞非君王,是一位受命將耶和華子民帶進應許之地的神僕,記在最後是合情合理的。

給利未人的城邑記在20、21章。利未人最後才分得他們的城邑及附近郊野,頭一鬮是給祭司(10節),也即是哥轄子孫分得的城邑。另有革順子孫分得的城邑(21:27-33),和米利拉子孫分得的城邑(21:34-42)。

設立逃城(參民35:9-34;申4:41-43;19:1-14)的原因是:當踏入應許之地時刻,以色列人的生活形式由遊牧民族轉為鄉鎮社會的安定生活。昔日部落制習慣尋仇,親人本著血債血償的觀念有責任追討血債,但與今後在集會中依照民法裁決案件有所衝突。在這轉變過程中,他們需要採用一折衷辦法處理殺人案件,免得無辜者在依法受審前被殺,逃城正在這情況下設立。犯人只有兩個免死途徑:一是在本城集會中宣布無罪;二在等到大祭司逝世時得赦。

有學者認為大祭司的死免除了犯罪者觸犯禮儀之罪。當日逃城有六:基低斯、示劍、希伯侖、比悉、拉末和哥蘭,這些城市分布在北部、中部、南部,這種設計相當重要。「這都是為以色列眾人和在他們中間寄居的外人所分定的地邑,使誤殺人的都可以逃到那裡,不死在報血仇人的手中,等他站在會眾面前聽審判。」(20:9節)

四境平安:(21:44見1:13),意即「安息」,這是《舊約聖經》中一個重要的觀念(見申3:20;撒下7:1、11),表示邊境安定,與鄰國相安無事,境內則安居樂業。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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