Home昔日真理報2013年 真理報文章2013 年 2 月【特稿】聖經真理的重尋(2)

【特稿】聖經真理的重尋(2)

 

在挪亞六百歲那年的二月十七日開始,大雨降下了四十天(7:11、12),其後水浸大地一百五十天(7:24,8:3),七月十七日方舟著陸在亞拉臘山(8:4),十月一日陸地顯露(8:5),十一月十日(當時以一個月為三十日計算)放出烏鴉(8:6-7),十一月十七日放出鴿子(8:8),十一月廿四日鴿子叼葉子返回(8:10-11),十二月一日鴿子一去無蹤(8:12),挪亞六百零一歲一月一日地面恢復了原狀(8:13),二月二十七日,挪亞全家出方舟;屈指一算他們在方舟渡過了三百七十一天。挪亞全家向耶和華神為感恩而獻上的燔祭,馨香之氣蒙悅納之餘,祂不再因人咒詛地。今日,當我們向上帝獻上感恩的禱告,祂也必賜福地上的萬民。(創世記第八章感恩之祭)

洪水之災過後,上帝將人類的生活秩序重整,但卻沒有絲毫改變祂的旨意,以對始祖亞當的心願再向挪亞複述一次,就是「你們是照上帝的形像造的;要生養眾多,遍滿了地;治理這地」,並將原先只可吃蔬菜和果子的範圍擴大至可以以動物作食物(比較一26-29及九1-6)。上帝又與挪亞一家立約,不再用洪水滅世,並以「虹」作立約記號。人類敗壞的其中一個原因是「隨從肉體的私慾」,其後挪亞因為喝醉了自己栽的葡萄園所釀的酒而放浪形骸,以致醜態畢露,他的幼孫迦南因父親含羞辱了自己的父親(23節)而受咒詛,而閃和雅弗的做法(23節)卻受祝福。(創世記第九章挪亞之約)

依照上帝的計劃,使人類分散全地去治理(九:19、十一:8):雅弗後裔從印度經歐洲,再由南北美洲到澳洲(Indo-Europian);含(是「黑」的意思)在非洲各國(詩105:23中「埃及」也稱作「含」);閃,希伯來人希伯,《聖經》論到閃的後裔,是將人類救贖的範圍的收窄作起點,宗族邦國由此開始(十:32)。人類卻又用自己的方法,希望達到自己的目的:建一座城聚居(免得分散全地),建一座塔(巴別塔)通天(傳揚自己的名),前者是違背上帝的旨意,後者是顯出人的驕傲,耶和華神立即以「變亂口音」制止,否則如此下去,人類必重蹈覆轍陷入罪惡之中,這是天父慈愛和信實的表達。(創世記十:1至十一:26變亂口音)

亞伯蘭蒙耶和華上帝呼召離開故鄉吾珥,向北越過 2,500 公里向迦南進發,實在是下了極大的決心,因為他領著全家並侄兒羅得一家離開了七十五年的生活習慣(本地)、人的力量所在(本族)、血緣所依(父家),最主要乃是他對上帝的順服,蒙福之餘他又為「向他顯現的耶和華」築了一座壇。

不過,當亞伯蘭剛踏入埃及,人生路不熟之際,惟恐因妻子貌美(當時撒萊已65歲,可見人的美貌不受年齡限制)而被害,乃稱妻為妹(撒萊確是他的同父異母妹子20:12),卻令埃及王法老全家因此惹禍。再者,「萬族都要因你得福」(十二:3)是指人類因亞伯蘭的後裔主耶穌的拯救而蒙福(讀加三:14-16)。(創世記十一:27至十二:20因你得福)

人與人之間的相爭其中原因之一是從財物多所引發(2、5、6節),縱使主人相安無事,僕人之間也會發生問題(7節)。此時亞伯蘭立即起來解決彼此間的不和,他的目標和方法是:1.骨肉不可相爭(8節);2.雙方應各有發展空間(9節上);3.讓對方先選定去向(9節下)。羅得以常人佔盡便宜的心態,不計後果盲目去選擇前面的道路(11、13節),從表面看來,亞伯蘭吃了大虧,而事實上耶和華上帝卻大大賜福給他:「凡你所看見的地方,我都賜給你和你的後裔,直到永遠。」當我們選擇前面當走的路時:無論是學業、工作、配偶......,或大或小的事,有否只著重眼目前的利益而沒有尋求上帝的旨意?(創世記第十三章不可相爭)

羅得選擇住在繁華罪惡之城,遇上戰爭,正危急之際亞伯蘭立即施予援手,雖然只帶三百一十八人卻凱旋而歸,並得麥基洗德祝福,麥基洗德是至高上帝的祭司(來7:1)。其後亞伯蘭以獻祭蒙上帝悅納之經歷肯定必得應許之地(創十五:8、17),耶和華上帝告訴他以色列民要在埃及為奴四百年(出12:40記實數430年)直到第四代,迦南人(16節亞摩利人是迦南人的通稱)罪惡滔天至上帝無法容忍之時,祂會驅走他們並將那地賜亞伯蘭為業。「亞伯蘭信耶和華,耶和華就以此為他的義(就拯救他)(6節)」,這是《聖經》第一次指出人因「信」就可以「得救」(被上帝稱為義,因信稱義也,參羅馬書第五章)。(創世記十四:1至十五:21驚人黑暗)

由於亞伯蘭年紀老邁(16節),自覺耶和華神賜他後裔無數的應許遙不可及,惟有照自己家鄉迦勒底的風俗、按妻子的提議納婢夏甲為妾開始生育大計,及至夏甲懷孕,撒萊又容她不下,逼她逃亡,在上帝看顧下(16:7-14)生了以實瑪利(意「上帝聽見」)。可見我們的神不偏待人,以實瑪利就是巴勒斯坦人的祖先。亞伯蘭用自己的方法行事,竟延禍世世代代,直到今日,以色列與巴勒斯坦人彼此相殘仍未有和解跡象。上帝叫亞伯蘭改名亞伯拉罕(意「多國之父」),撒萊易名撒拉(意「多國之母」),再一次對他們倆肯定祂的應許,就是「後裔無數,是指他倆所生的兒孫及其後代,此福份別人不可代取」。(創世記十六:1至十七:27屬靈名字)

上一章結尾(17:23-27)亞伯拉罕全家不分老幼主僕同以受割禮,作為「人與神立同一個約」的記號,有人同意這是舊約'教會'的誕生,與新約聖靈降臨教會誕生(徒二章)相輝映。其後耶和華上帝向亞伯拉罕夫婦顯現,切實地告訴他們明年此時必生一個兒子,撒拉以常人的心態和限制面對上帝的應許,祂卻用人只要有信心,「耶和華豈有難成的事」(18:14)作回應。我們身為天父的兒女,是否對此也有所學習?

至於亞伯拉罕為罪惡滔天的所多瑪城代求的心志與舉動,一方面讓我們學習到為世人代求的愛心與行動,另方面提醒我們要順服上帝的旨意和主權;他雖然為那城逼切代求,同時也摸到神的心意,不致流於妄求(32、33)。(創世記第十八章為人代求)所多瑪城罪大惡極,從他們呼叫羅得將家中客人(天使)交出讓他們任意妄為(與行淫有關,當時此城已陷入同性戀之罪惡)可見一斑,而羅得身為屬神的人,卻因為久居此罪惡之城,正所謂「與惡人交,如入鮑魚之市,久而不聞其臭」,竟提議將自己女兒交給他們作惡(19:8)。上帝雖然對羅得一家格外憐憫,派兩個天使從這即將滅亡之城拯救他們(19:12),然而他女婿們以他嚴重的警告作戲言;連羅得自己與妻女也需要天使費九牛二虎之力才逃到瑣珥,妻子最後也因貪戀世界而滅亡(26節)。至於後來二女用自己方法延續父家後代所生摩押、亞捫二族,成了以色列人日的後患;而亞伯拉罕之故技重施(廿章、參閱12:10-20),可以看見他的軟弱。(創世記十九:1至廿:18戀世滅亡)

撒拉曾為上帝答應她年老得子而暗笑(18:12),今日又為上帝的信實而喜笑(6節),其後卻為了以實瑪利對她戲笑(9節)而發怒。按當時風俗,婢女若已正式被納為妾且為主母生子是不可以被逐的,亞伯拉罕因此憂愁起來(11節)。上帝為此向他吩咐兩件事:其一叫他聽從妻子,因為「從以撒生的才是亞伯拉罕的後裔」;其二以實瑪利的後裔也必自成一國,因為他也是亞伯拉罕所生的。夏甲帶著十五歲(參17:25)大的兒子逃亡,幾乎因缺乏食水而死(16節),上帝立即施予拯救。人的過失與紛爭,不能攔阻神的慈愛與信實。再者,連外邦人也知道,凡我們做的事,都有上帝的保佑(22節)。(創世記第廿一章撒拉夏甲)

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

Go to top