Home昔日真理報2013年 真理報文章2013 年 7 月【特稿】聖經真理的重尋(7)

【特稿】聖經真理的重尋(7)

 

《出埃及記》第21至23章是民事刑法(Civil Law),由於上帝關心百姓,連很瑣碎的事也顧及,在人權方面包括:1.待僕之例(2-11節),上帝要人人平等,為奴六載,第七年要讓之回復自由,除非他愛主人不願離去(6節)。2.糾紛之例(12-27節),上帝要管理主僕之間的事,也管理父母兒女之間的事,「以牙還牙,以眼還眼,以手還手,以腳還腳,以烙還烙,以傷還傷,以打還打」(24、25節),是要阻「過度的報復」,而錯手殺人者,可以避入「逃城」(13節)。請特別留意15及17兩節,原來《聖經》明確規定,打罵父母與殺人之罪同等級,都得治死。3.疏忽之例(28-36節),在此看見上帝處事細心公平,非世上律法可比。(出埃及記第廿一章立起典章之一)

在財產的權利方面包括:1.侵犯財產之例(1-6節),故意侵犯別人財產者,要多倍賠償。2.保管財產之例(7-13節),別人交付的東西,要忠心、小心看守。3.借貸之例(14、15節)。同時還有其他條例(22:16至23:19):1.婚姻條例(22:16-20),聖潔的婚姻,人人都當尊重。2.待貧苦人之例(22:21-27),特別善待寄居者和孤兒寡婦。3.敬上帝之例(22:28-31)。4.公正之例(23:1-9)。在宗教律例方面(23:10-19):1.安息年(23:10-11),2.安息日(23:12-13),3.守三節期(23:14-19)。在安息日之例中提到:工作六日休息一天,含有使我們和全家生活舒暢的果效(12節),記得在主日應誠心誠意返教會敬拜上帝。(出埃及記廿二:1至廿三:19立起典章之二)

上帝帶領以色列民在曠野渡過那些日子,既然差派使者(單數v.23「他」,這位是未成肉身的主耶穌)保護,又親自(28節用「黃蜂」作寓意的表達)將敵人趕走。在第廿四章再一次確定與以色列民所立的約:1.首先灑血為証(1-8節),約書(7節)是指(出19:5、6,你不妨將之背熟)。2.設立約筵席(9-11節),在(10節)中非真正見到上帝,是一種「神在眼前」的感受,正如我們敬拜上帝時的敬虔。3.領受法版(12-18節),摩西在山上用六日預備心志,到了第七天,耶和華上帝召他上山,與他交通,以雲彩形像(Shekilah ,Glory,17節)與他見面,當時,上帝也早早替摩西訓練他的接棒人約書亞(13節)。(出埃及記廿三:20至廿四:18約的確定)

出埃及記第廿五至卅一章是耶和華上帝的曉諭,其中前三章說及的樣式,而實際的建造卻記在第卅六至四十章。會幕的名稱有五:1.聖所(Sanctuary,8節)。2.會幕(Tabernacle ,9節)。3. 帳幕(Tent, 26:36)。4.會眾相會之處(Tabernacle of Congregation ,29:42)5.法櫃(Tabernacle of the Testimony ,38:21)。在(約1:14)中提到主耶穌「道成肉身,住(tabernacled)在我們中間」。其後又有稱之為上帝的殿(House of God士,18:31),耶和華的殿(撒上1:7, House of Jehovah)。無論如何去稱呼,會幕的真正用意,是讓以色列民親身感受耶和華上帝的同在。(出埃及記第廿五章建造會幕之一)

會幕的重要:1.是《聖經》所重視的,用了十二章(第廿五至卅一章及第卅六至四十章)去論述,對造會幕之形式、尺寸、材料、製法及聖物的製法都加以詳細記載。2. 會幕之製作,乃照上帝在山上所指示,是祂本身所看重的。3.從會幕製造之目的和含意可見:a.會幕稱作上帝的居所,象徵祂常與百姓同在(25:8)。b.又是上帝與以色列民相會之處(29:43)。c.是所羅門日後建造聖殿的圖樣(王上6:16-20)。d.是天上真帳幕的影兒(來8:1-5)。e.是主耶穌及其救贖工作之預表(約1:14)。代表上帝在人間,主耶穌也是天上真帳幕的大祭司,為人類完成救贖工作,現今長遠活著為我們代求。(出埃及記第廿六章建造會幕之二)

會幕中的聖物:1.祭壇:用銅製造,代表主耶穌在十字架上受的審判。2.洗濯盆:用銅製造,水代表上帝的道(弗5:26)。3.陳設餅台:主耶穌是生命之糧。4.燈台:主耶穌是生命之光,世界之光。5.香壇:主耶穌是祭司,為我們在父前代求。6.施恩座:主耶穌的救贖。建造會幕的準備包括:1. 建造會幕的計劃,上帝啟示摩西造會幕的計劃(25:9、40,26:30,27:8)。2.摩西向百姓宣佈上帝的吩咐就開始籌備(34:32;35:4)。3.百姓奉獻建造會幕所需的財物,來源有二:a.贖命的禮物(30:11-16),每人半舍客勒,表示上帝看每個人的生命價值都相同。b.樂意的奉獻(25:1-21),我們會被上帝榮耀的目的所感動,而樂意奉獻嗎?(出埃及記第廿七章建造會幕之三)

建造會幕的過程及其構造:1.帳幕,其幕幔(26:1-14;36:8-19)材料有四層幔子,包括細麻、山羊毛、染紅的公羊皮及海狗皮。掛法又分平頂式和尖頂式。幕幔的靈訓表示上帝與我們同在,是故代表主耶穌內細緻外粗糙(海狗皮),不認識祂的人覺得祂無佳容美貌(賽53:2),染紅的公羊皮又表示救贖。2.幕板(26:15-25;36:20-25)乃皂莢木包金且每塊相連,靈訓:我們在上帝的家中要彼此配搭。3.約櫃(25:10-16;37:1-5),原文與挪亞的方舟、摩西的蒲草箱同一字。在至聖所內,櫃上有施恩座(25:17-20;37:6-9),表示上帝的同在。4.內幔乃預表主耶穌的身體。而聖所中有聖物 。(出埃及記第廿八章建造會幕之四)

大祭司(第廿八及廿九章):由亞倫及其子孫擔任,事奉上帝時要穿聖服,使他們分別為聖,此外,又加上「以弗得」(28:6-24;39:1-7),是將寶石鑲在金槽中,上刻十二支派名,主耶穌也天天背負我們,是我們的保障和幫助。而「胸牌」則掛在胸前,表示愛和記念,主如今在天上作大祭司,我們也被祂所記念。內有烏陵(咒詛,神不同意)、土明(完美,神同意),用作決斷事情,今天主耶穌為我們決定一切(約壹2:27)。同時,祭司(28:31)的外袍是屬天的藍色,他們要過屬天的生活,在「信徒皆祭司」的今日,我們都應當過著屬天的生活,也就是說:我們都必須過為主而活的生活,不要被世界的潮流牽著鼻子走。(出埃及記第廿九章建造會幕之五)

祭司就職的程序(第29章,利8、9兩章):1.洗身(29:4,利8:6),亞倫本身有了祭司的身分,行這就職禮就進入正式地位中,故需在眾人面前洗身,象徵聖潔以承接聖職。2.穿聖衣(29:5、6,利8:7-9),以示分別為聖,有了祭司職分。3.受膏(29:7,利8:10-12),「就把膏油倒在他頭上」,其他聖物抬進之時也受膏。4.獻祭(29:10-34,利8:14-26),亞倫與子受職時,連續獻祭七日,每日獻贖罪祭、燔祭、平安祭。另一方面,猶大支派中戶珥的孫子烏利的兒子比撒列, 但支派中亞希撒抹的兒子亞何利亞伯都在造 聖物上有特別的巧工是因為上帝的靈的充滿(3節),我們事奉主也必須有聖靈的同在。(出埃及記卅:1至卅一:18建造會幕之六)

以色列民拜金牛的因由:1.因為他們的心遠離上帝,違背了他們「凡耶和華吩咐的我們都必遵行」的諾言(參太15:8)。2.因為他們只注重眼前所見,當摩西上山後,他們像已失去倚靠,只覺上帝似乎太遙遠太抽象,乃將屬靈準則降低(詩106:19-21)。3.亞倫對他們縱容,摩西了山,亞倫就是百姓的領袖,可惜他沒有定見,軟弱無能,竟順他們意願,幫助百姓造金牛。同時,記得在逃離埃及前夕,耶和華上帝曾經用法老所拜的偶像去懲罰埃及人,由於過去四百年間,以色列人也染上了拜偶像的惡習,這次才如此迅速地死灰復燃,一窩蜂去拜金牛。我們若不專心仰賴耶和華上帝,就無法擺脫我們各人心中不同的「偶像」。(出埃及記第卅二章民拜金牛)

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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