Home昔日真理報2013年 真理報文章2013 年 10 月【敬拜與音樂】禮儀的聖經根基

【敬拜與音樂】禮儀的聖經根基

 

所有教會的崇拜聚會都是有禮儀的,沒有一間教會例外。因為,即使沒有固定的程序也是一種禮儀。

儀式(Ritual)是與我們日常生活分不開的,社會透過儀式顯示出生活的價值。例如:生日派對、節慶、就職或畢業典禮......等。我們從儀式建立出一個有秩序和有價值體系的團體社會。

崇拜禮儀也是儀式的一種,而禮儀程序與崇拜是有密切相關的關係。崇拜禮儀當中有許多象徵的行動,我們透過行動來表達對敬拜對象的崇拜,表示出與其之相應的價值觀。象徵的行動有可能使用能傳達超越性信息的工具。如果我們可以認識、領悟和掌握象徵標記的內容和意義,崇拜的禮儀本身就是一個很豐富的視聽教材,可利用來教導信徒。

玉山神學院講師哈尤‧尤道在《基督教禮拜的意義》中指出,根據 James F. White 所述提出,「禮拜」(liturgy)英語字彙有七種義意:

1) Service(聚會、服務):意思是為人做事或服務。其字根為拉丁文之 "Servus",指身為奴隸之職責是要服務他人。

2) Office(職責):其字根為拉丁文之 "officium",意為服務或職責,也有禮拜、聚會之意。

3) Liturgy(禮儀):它最初有世俗性的意義,此字來自希臘文之 "Leitourgia",其字根是 laos(人們)、 ergon(工作),意為:禮儀是公眾的工作,也就是說,這個工作是為著人們所居住的環境之利益。

4) Cult(祭儀):源自拉丁文 "Colere",此字為農事的術語,意即耕種(Cultivate);此字通常是用在法語及義大利語中之崇拜術語。

5) Worship(禮拜):有表達世俗之涵意,它是來自古老英語 "Weorthscipe",即 "Weorth"(worthy)值得、價值之意,"Scipe"(Ship)對特定身份者之尊稱。總而言之,Worship(禮拜)常用在對特別有貢獻價值者之象徵或對某人之尊敬之意。

6) Celebration(慶祝):這個字是最近幾年才普遍被使用,譬如:聖餐的慶祝、聖誕節的慶祝等等。

7) Ritual(祭禮):是基督教禮拜最基本的名稱,因為祭儀對不同民族有不同的意涵,這個字是人類學家常用來描述某一個民族的社會行為,諸如:自然的儀式、埋葬的禮俗等等。

基督徒聚集在主日慶祝基督的復活,一般在崇拜的時候該聚會程序被劃分為兩個主要部分:聖道(the Liturgy of the Word)與聖餐(the Liturgy of the Holy Communion)。聖道禮儀源於猶太人的會堂聚會程序由朗讀經文和詩篇、祈禱。我們在路加福音,耶穌在會堂裡有一個記載,祂從先知以賽亞書朗讀經文(路加福音4:14-21)。

聖餐禮儀的共享酒和餅,以紀念耶穌的死和復活。聖餐有其根源在耶穌去世前在晚上與他的門徒的逾越節晚餐(馬太福音26:26-29)。我們有關崇拜的經驗是相似以馬忤斯路上的兩個門徒的經驗。復活的耶穌為我們打開經文,然後擘餅(路加福音24:13-25)。隨著復活節的信念,我們承認基督在我們中間,朗讀經文慶祝聖餐是(見路加福音24:27,30-31A)。

普通崇拜禮儀由各種部分組成,而各種部分發展了幾百年。大多數部分起源根據於某段經文。一些禮儀核心短語和形象因為來自聖經,而提供了一個重要的連接。下面的禮儀列出直接或間接用聖經:

進堂禮 Gathering (詩篇149:1;約珥書2:15-17,以賽亞書48:14,馬太福音18:20;徒2:1-13)

進堂聖詩
始禮請安
求潔心禱文
認罪/憐憫詩/宣赦(Confession and Forgiveness) 約翰一書1:8-9
憐憫詩(Kyrie–Lord, have mercy) 路加福音17:13
榮耀頌(Hymn of Praise: Glory to God) 路加福音2:14, 啟示錄5:13
彼此問安(Salutation:The Lord be with you) 路得記2:4,路加福音1:28

聖道禮 Liturgy of the Word(馬太福音4:4;約翰福音1:1-5;歌羅西書3:16,提摩太前書4:13,提摩太後書4:1-5)

舊約經課讀經(First Reading) (當日福音經課之外的其他經課) 希伯來經文(徒 - 復活節期間)
唱讚美詩篇(Psalmody) 詩篇
讀經(Second Reading) 新約書信
福音經課(Gospel Acclamation) 約翰福音6:68(Lent 申命記30:2,民數記14:18;約珥書2:13)
會眾祈禱 提摩太前書2:1-2

聖餐禮 Liturgy of the Holy Communion (約翰福音6:48-50使徒行傳2:42)

平安禮(Greeting of Peace) 馬太福音5:23-24;約翰福音14:27;羅馬書16:16
奉獻(Offertory) 詩篇51:10-12, 詩篇116:10-17
祝餐或感恩禱告(Great Thanksgiving) 詩篇136
聖哉頌 (Sanctus: Holy, Holy, Holy Lord) 以賽亞書6:3,馬太福音21:9
祝聖餅酒禮文(Words of Institution) 哥林多前書11:23-26
主禱文(Lord's Prayer) 馬太福音6:9-13
施餐:羔羊頌(Agnus Dei: Lamb of God) 約翰福音1:29

差遣禮 Sending/ Commission (馬太福音28:19,約翰福音20:21)

頌讚/感謝文(Canticle) 路加福音2:28-32, 詩篇105:1-3,42-45
祝福(Benediction) 民數記6:23-26
差遣(Dismissal) 路加福音7:50

禮儀的研究可以幫助基督徒欣賞到在星期天早上崇拜不同程序的含義,那麼當我們參加,我們將能夠理解更深一層的含義。如果我們的讀者有興趣了解更多的早期基督教教會的禮儀,可以參考殉道者游斯丁 Justin Martyr 所著之 <第一護教書>First Apology, LXVII章: "每週基督徒的崇拜" (約公元150年)。

參考

Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. "What are the biblical roots of the liturgy?"

http://www.elca.org/Growing-In-Faith/Worship/Learning-Center/FAQs/Biblical-Roots.aspx  (accessed September 18, 2013).

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

Go to top