Home昔日真理報2013年 真理報文章2013 年 11 月【非洲異國情】人情與事理

【非洲異國情】人情與事理

 

「有關係就無關係,無關係就有關係。」是中國近年流行民間的順口溜,意思是人彼此間若有良好的關係,辦起事來就路路通(有關係就是「無問題」)。但人彼此間若沒有良好關係時,就會受別人留難,事事受阻礙(無關係就是「有問題」)。可見人情關係對事情成敗的影嚮力實在不容忽視。這景況無論在亞洲、中亞、中東、至非洲等重視人際關係的族群中也同樣適用。

進人群,講關係

到非洲的訪客,通常是遊客,商人和有職務在身的人。他們在異地作短暫逗留,出入活動都只為旅遊觀光,完成職務或獲取利益後便要告別。他們無需關心當地事物,更不必花時間在社交或與他人建立長久友情。然而,從事民生關懷或從事教育工作的人仕,為要改變人們的生活模式,就要進入他們的族群,努力建立關係,在彼此了解互信的基礎下,才能衷誠合作。筆者雖然在非洲生活多年,跟當地人有過不少合作經驗,然而仍每因忽略了人際關係的重要性,以致踫了不少釘子。

關係當前,忍讓為策

有一次,筆者在當地與屋主議好租約,租用一間房子作社區服務。但因房子破爛需要修葺,便與屋主協議,願意墊支維修費用,幫助他維修房子,至於還款則在未來租金內扣除。屋主有一位當泥水匠的姪兒名叫亞偉,被屋主推薦來承辦有關維修工程。筆者以為這也不壞,既可讓屋主親人賺點外快,又可建立友情,便一口答允。與亞偉商討了工程細則、完工限期、簽約交訂金,並由筆者準備好建築材料後,亞偉翌日便動工了。起初一兩週,亞偉很勤力,筆者隔兩天便到工場視察,工程進展順利,我也大為放心。可是後來工程遇上各種障礙而受阻,以致進展緩慢,亞偉又因想節省開支而沒有雇用助手,只偶爾雇用自己家人幫忙。

眼見工程限期已過,工頭已支取了大半工資,及工作了一段日子後已漸露疲態,所以工程便一延再拖。筆者在心急如焚之下,便向屋主投訴並建議找他另一位姪兒(亞偉的長兄,也是水泥匠)來接替亞偉。起初,亞偉長兄曾到來視察,對工作作了一番建議和答允協助;然而,筆者等了兩天,又致電予他,他只是支吾以對,始終沒有出現。筆者見事情發展至此,自己又有要事必須遠行,無奈地接受這個局面,幸得一位同事答允處理這個「殘局」,及後工程終於得以完成。

筆者深感這為一宗「所托非人」的憾事,實在令人氣憤。回憶當日發現工程進展形勢逆轉時,心裡因利益所及而著急,要想退局嗎?卻又騎虎難下,進退兩難。若是送官查辦或與之爭辯,又可能會因失控而鬧至不愉快,實屬不智,而且會破壞日後建立關係的機會;唯有選擇忍讓,力保關係,卻意外地成為這次文化體驗的台前人物。

人情事理,孰輕孰重

在人情與事理間衡量輕重取捨,非洲人與外國人有絕然不同的價值取向和反應。再看當地的屋主和他兩位姪兒在期間的態度和反應,他們雖沒有逃避責任和否認出錯。然而,在利害當前和親屬關係間的權衡時,兄弟友情仍屬優先考慮,為了顧全大局,長兄選擇回避,讓當事人即那弟弟學習如何繼續面對這個不完善的局面。反之,許多外國人(根據筆者過往的經驗),當遇上衝突時,通常會馬上與你辯論,往往會使大家出現緊張的關係及氣憤的情緒。這是因為他們在發展國家中成長,在講求公平和責任的社會文化薰陶下,一般都著重理性分析,看重「對與錯」多於重情,即「別人若做得對或有義於己便接納,不義犯錯和失信背約的便要拒絕或追究」,所以在外國成長的人是很輕易與相識多年之朋友反目成仇,割席絕交或疏遠。

人情和事理間的選擇,往往因應不同的民族文化,而有不同尺度的表達和強調,各有其優劣。然而,在非洲普遍族群都擁有廣大的人倫關係網,重視人情之餘,又能和諧共處,在彼此照顧下抵抗了不少生活上的困難逆境,這都是基於他們重視人際關係的美德。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

Go to top