Home昔日真理報2014年 真理報文章2014 年 7 月【非洲異國情】四月的佳雅市

【非洲異國情】四月的佳雅市

 

壓力煲 Pressure Cooker 是家裡烹調美食省時和受歡迎的廚具。但有個市鎮以此為名, 何故?佳雅市曾被白人以「壓力煲」為名。佳雅市的氣候正是如此特殊,全年最高氣溫在三月中至六月雨季來臨前,它全年的氣溫比國內其他地區較常高出 4-5 度,人處身其中感到既浩熱至喘不過氣,從頭到身體內外受壓不適,有如活在壓力煲內。

浩熱緣由

佳雅市是位於西非內陸馬里國西邊一個邊境市,坐在塞內加爾河上游的兩岸,周圍方圓兩百公里都是平原。 地勢平旦,東邊有幾座小山脈。全國地域廣濶,分南北中三個地域,北部在沙漠的中心,中有半沙漠地帶,有著名的尼日爾河和塞內加爾兩條河的澆灌,牧養著千萬牲畜。南卻有茂密綠林的雨霖區。佳雅市位置正處於中部與南部地域的交界。

佳雅市浩熱有天然和人為等幾個原因。首先地理上是位於在沙漠區內的邊緣,太陽全年南北往來而造成季候轉換,從北部沙漠吹來的浩熱沙塵暴,南方吹來的朝濕氣候。全年氣候交替下,十月中和五月中是天氣轉換月份,有幾星期天氣浩熱和朝濕, 因此天氣變化最為名顯。此外,因氣候改變,樹林的生長減少並趨向萎縮。法國殖民政府曾在該市駐守,為當地旱熱和缺乏林木而大範模地種植樹木,情況曾有明顯改善。可惜獨立後殖民政府離去,植樹運動也停頓。當地人因貧窮而只依賴木材作燃料,砍伐樹木嚴重。樹少使地區不能留著雨水,太陽暴曬後,地土大量吸熱後在晚間散熱。再者,該市周圍十多公里範圍都被許多石層包圍著,據聞還有各色各樣奇異的寶石出土。然而,石層因太陽光暴曬後而吸熱,日落後晚間,石層散發的熱氣仍然籠罩一帶和佳雅市,形如焗爐般地散熱。天然地理的不利,加上人為的因素,使佳雅市的氣候浩熱加劇。


熱氣團團

佳雅市到了四、五月間,日間時間為全年最長,早晨的天空沒有一點雲霧煙霞,太陽一出地土和百物很快被烘熱起來,路面的泊油也軟化,特別是由下午二時至五時,大陽如從天上走近地面似的,那時氣溫是整天最高的,可達攝氏 46 度。

由於白天天氣浩熱,戶外工人總有飲用水樽水桶伴隨,他們選擇清早六、七時便開始工作,到了下午二時許便下班。學校和其他工作也在中午至四時間停止工作和上課,過後才繼續工作。遠行的人也選擇清早上路,出門駕車因氣溫影嚮車的機件,不利於行車,而於午間稍作休息。旅遊大巴行駛間也要把車尾的引擎封蓋打開。不但如此,因該市被熱氣團團圍起,地因乾旱和沒有草木,熱量帶來氣流出升,導致每天早上十時許便開始刮起大風,沙塵便隨風吹起,直透入室內,屋內傢俬和地板滿佈沙塵,需要時常清潔洗掃。暴熱也使牆壁烘熱起來,屋內溫度往往比戶外高出10度,令人頭腦不清醒,思想遲鈍,甚至頭渾腦膨和渾身無勁,在室內工作若沒有調空機來緩和,真是沒法留下工作。整天的陽光和地面及市效散熱的石層,便重重的包圍著該個市鎮,日落晚上仍然難以消散。


日子怎過?

在這樣的環境中,人人容易感到口喝,沒有胃口,身體的鹽隨流汗而大量失去,食物需要添加鹽份和辣椒以刺激食欲。市內的河流有一座貼近水面的古橋,許多人都帶牲畜來飲水和洗澡,成人小童也趁機會跳進河裡,人畜因而能夠享受清涼的快樂。

消暑飲品大受歡迎,風扇和調控機都被搶購一空。因電能供應有限,市內多處地區在中午至晚間因電壓不足,時有停電。自來水因水管受熱而變成熱水,需要預先用大水桶儲水待冷卻後才使用。全日最感暢快是多次沐浴和喝白開水。晚間,許多人都將被鋪睡席蚊帳等搬到戶外或至天台,享受一晚清涼的休息。


小城蓬生

法國殖民政府進入馬里後曾建都於佳雅市,但因天氣不利,建都不久便遷都至他處。這裡一個多世紀以來,成了沒有發展的條件而蕭條和與外隔離的地方。然而十多年前,政治改變緣故,該市開始成為人口增多和運輸活躍的城市,同時又因為有外國人到來居住工作而漸蓬勃起來。盡管如此,現今來佳雅市的遊客並不多,他們都只有選擇 11 月至 3 月中天氣溫和乾燥的月份來。

到了 4 月,外國工人因氣候和濕度高昇便暫離開避暑,而當地人因土生土長而適應力強,他們在烈日下皮膚和色澤絲亳無損,喝水解渴和出出汗,身體便感到多適暢,又適逢春耕季節,他們準備田務勞動的同時,也會期待六月的豪雨能為大地帶來清涼和潤澤農地。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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