Home昔日真理報2015年 真理報文章2015 年 2 月【事事關心】宗教尊嚴與言論自由之界限

【事事關心】宗教尊嚴與言論自由之界限

 

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法國巴黎的《查理週刊》(Charlie Hebdo)於上月被伊斯蘭恐怖份子衝入其辦事處,槍殺了包括編輯部主要職員總共 12人,原因是該報社多次刊登嘲諷伊斯蘭教先知穆罕默德的漫畫,雖然受到多次恐嚇性警告而不停止這樣的出版。


這次屠殺事件暴露了現今世上兩種截然不同的文化所帶來的價值觀:一方面是基督教背景的西方社會所崇尚的個人言論自由(雖然現今不少西方人正在努力於切斷基督教對西方歷史的貢獻和影響力);另一方面是伊斯蘭背景的激進份子對於侮辱、褻瀆教主和人命的價值觀。

先說報社編輯的價值觀和立場。我親耳從電視新聞中聽到其總編輯幾年前接受訪問時如此說:"我寧願站著死﹐也不願下跪求存"。這句話道出該編輯之價值觀,他堅持言論自由對於他有至高無上的重要性,縱然言論自由和生命尊貴同樣在西方世界都被高舉的價值,但遇到抉擇時刻,這位編輯就選擇言論自由為最崇高的價值!

在這種價值觀之下,他就覺得人人都應該百無禁忌,包括任何宗教人物和信仰內涵都可以拿來開玩笑、冷嘲熱諷,若有須要,甚至侮辱他人也無可避免。

對於虔誠的基督徒來說,現今這種自由派的西方人士已經把言論自由看為 "偶像",一種取代上帝的金牛犢,好像是印度人眼中之聖牛。他們認為自由是毫無禁忌的,就算宗教本身和它的人物也不是神聖不可侵犯的。何況他們認為在平等、民主制度之下,人人有權批評任何人和事物。

我明白,諷刺漫畫有助於令人反省人類的種種不妥的思維和行為。水準高的諷刺漫畫能一針見血,讓人會心微笑之餘對世人各樣行為有更深刻的領會。但是,當以基督徒的尺度評論從各方看到的《查理週刊》漫畫,我不得不說它們很多都是迎合粗鄙趣味的,甚至極盡侮辱之能事!那些漫畫只能達到在無神論人群中嘩眾取寵﹐以刺激該刊物的銷路之目的。

固然,我不認同那些恐怖分子由於那些漫畫就有理由隨便射殺《查理週刊》的工作人員,因為根據聖經所記載,生命的賜予和取締完全是上帝的權柄,十誡中第六誡清楚指出人的生命是不可殺害。我只是強調,《查理週刊》所表露的乃是作者一種激烈的鄙視任何宗教的心態,他們所提倡的不是純正的 "言論自由" 精神,而是對任何宗教權威可以鄙視的自由,並且痴笑任何有神主宰的宗教的自由,哪怕它是基督教、猶太教、還是伊斯蘭教。

轉眼看北美洲,相對法國,美國大有不同的國情和 "政治正確" 的判斷。根據《紐約時報》專欄作家 David Brooks 所指出:如果《查理週刊》在美國任何一所大學出版,都會被學生和教職員指控他們散播仇恨言論,校方會中止資助﹐甚至將之踢出校門。同樣,加拿大的大學和主流傳媒也不會讓《查理週刊》刊登如此的漫畫,因為一般加國人們都覺得那些漫畫事實上是不尊重其他人的宗教信仰,而且就算對大部份基督徒來說,它們也算得上是一種刻意羞辱那些被他們諷刺的宗教首領和尊崇這些首領的信徒的。

當然,在巴黎公開支持《查理週刊》的三百多萬法國人中,並非每一個都一定接納它的所有漫畫,只是出於捍衛言論自由這個大原則而已,這一點你可以從該雜誌本來每週只出版五、六萬份數量便清楚看到。然而,《查理週刊》那種低劣的水平,在一場恐襲後卻忽然被世俗人士高度吹捧,奉為另類的自由神像!

屠殺 12 人這暴行是該被譴責的,相對而言法國人捍衛言論自由似乎是可敬的,然而,他們也應該慎重反省,言論自由和諷刺也應該有一條底線,就是不能侮辱他人的宗教信仰及那些宗教的領袖人物。對於身為基督徒的我而言,那些高舉言論自由人士已經把這個理念崇拜成為神聖不可侵犯的 "偶像"!

其實,該週刊也曾經多次毫不留情地恥笑基督教的一些人物和事跡,例如恥笑處女的瑪麗亞懷孕、聖經所記載耶穌基督的一些事跡等。在一般基督徒來看,那些漫畫可以算是褻瀆性質的諷刺。所以,基督徒不能接納《查理週刊》的發言人 Richard Malka 所說:"我們不會退讓"﹐"'我是查理' 的精神包括有權褻瀆"。這種言語不折不扣地表露了他以為 "真理站在我這邊" 的傲慢態度,這態度將會令歐洲社會產生更深層次的衝突,甚至激化族群間的仇恨。

盼望《查理週刊》的編輯們能夠再三反省,懂得尊重宗教﹐一如他們崇尚自由那樣。假如他們能夠好像使徒保羅一樣,從鄙視基督教而悔改至領略到上帝的憐憫和寬恕,那將會是真正美善的結果。願基督徒都期待《查理週刊》的編輯能說出如保羅在提摩太前書所說的一句話:

"我從前是褻瀆神的、逼迫人的、侮慢人的﹐然而我還蒙了憐憫﹐因我是不信不明白的時候而作的。"(提前1:13)

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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