Home昔日真理報2015年 真理報文章2015 年 7 月【非洲異國情】靜待黎明 - 村校的掙扎 (上)

【非洲異國情】靜待黎明 - 村校的掙扎 (上)

 

噹、噹、噹。有個男孩走來,手拿著一條短鐵棒,擊打著掛草棚前樹枝上的一個大鐵管,這是下課的鐘號。原來這是一所由三個草棚接連而成的學校,搭建在兩棵樹下。鐘聲響後一會,成群小孩從草棚湧出來,大家都活潑雀躍的,邊走邊笑,像是受壓制後得著釋放的樣子,帶著輕快腳步走回家。莫特與幾位同學們肩並肩開心地說:「一整個早上,屈坐在那塊鋪在地上的木板(原本是已破爛的桌椅)上課,將老師寫在黑板那密密麻麻的字抄到功課簿上,真累死了。老師在課堂說了半天,我其實沒有聽得進去....」旁邊一友亞米問:「有沒有見到塞德?好像今早他沒有來上課?」「他上週曾說不再來上學了,因他爸爸要求他留在家裡協助看守羊群。唏!怕又多一位同學退學罷!」莫特回答道,「你知否老師明天會否來上課呢?因為老師近日常常缺席,我心裡感到很不安!」亞米只鬆鬆肩膀,無奈地垂下頭而沉默了,腦海裏為這所日漸息微的草棚學校,同學漸漸減少,老師頻頻缺課,感到學校前景暗淡,感到悶悶不樂。

依賴外援

非洲許多國家的鄉村教育發展所遇的掙扎,都與莫特和亞米的處境多有類同。教育發展都處於掙扎和資源不足的狀態,兒童失學是個普遍現象。村校的教育發展更形見缺乏,從資源、師資、至校舍等,都明顯比城市學校發展落後。筆者身處的國家在過去廿年,文盲率從70%降至近年的近40%,畧有進步,但教育重點仍致力消滅文盲的情況,推行九年基本教育。但每年教育經費不足,仍需要依賴外援,如世界銀行和 UNICEF 等機構的幫助。

發展緩慢

非洲教育發展緩慢,其成因有多方面。非洲家庭在生育子女過盛、鄉間生活貧窮、家庭經濟不足等條件下,令供養和教育子女大受阻礙,造成許多兒童失學。再加上政府投放於教育的資源不足,以致校舍缺乏和教師人數失調,課堂教師與學生人數比例失衡(1 對 100-120)。其次是男女受教育機會不相等。家長往往將女子留在家中協助家務,只讓男孩上課。在回教背景影響下,家長為滿足其信仰教義——女要處卑,所以受制於男人管治之下,只可在家裡持家育幼,不能與男人有同等權利,當然包括受教育的權利。還有的是政局變化使許多教育計劃被擱置,而城市化效應,也使教育只看重城市而看輕鄉村的需要。

背景障礙

除了外圍因素外,當地人們對教育推行仍處於被動,不看重的態度,以致仍存有疑惑及敵對情況。據非洲發展歷史,校舍課堂教授的教育模式是從最初殖民統治而來,不少民族都受這觀念影響。但不少非洲族群依然沿用他們傳統(即非課堂教授)的教育模式,其目的只是讓人學習如何投入他所屬的群族生活,盡上個人責任。因為,他們發現學校教育傳遞的事物和價值是崇洋而輕傳統,內容不重視推崇他們本地民族的文化價值。因此,西方教育是使他們與先祖的傳統文化逐漸疏遠或否定。當地人對公校教育不樂觀,採取只容家中部份孩童入學,或只容他們受幾年教育,未成學業便把他們帶回家中協助家務。部份群族則要求保留母語教學,至少在六年基本教育內採用,確保子女的文化和思想形態仍受到保護。

村校的掙扎

非洲鄉間教育發展甚為艱難。國內教育政策因重城輕郊,被派駐鄉間的資源和老師,都嚴重缺乏。就上述的村校例子中,政府教育發展採用下放權力的政策,由市鄉長官負責,又與村民協商,去分配支付受派老師每月的薪金,村民也可以得到食物,住宿和金錢等支持。然而,上述方法在推行上常因遇到不少障礙而告催。因缺乏專人負責,造成村校教育發展無方向;教師工作乏力,就連個人生計也難以保障,使教師們灰心而萌生去意;校舍缺乏保養而失修損壞等,村民未有充份預備來支持村校教育發展。學生學習士氣大受影響。


(下期待續)

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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