Home昔日真理報2015年 真理報文章2015 年 10 月【開卷有益】 教會-生命共同體

【開卷有益】 教會-生命共同體

 

Book倫理學是在法律以外,管理每個人行為的道德標準。因應現今社會越趨複雜,各行各業已發展出高度專業的倫理規範。就如:醫學倫理管理著醫療行為與治療病患時應有的操守。生物科技倫理探討複製人、人工授精與科技生殖、及基因改良所引發的問題。生命倫理專門處理墮胎、安樂死、自殺的爭議。此外,有關商業、金融、教育、法律、環保、傳媒、甚至網絡等行業,都各自形成一套獨有的倫理法則,讓從業員在日常生活和工作領域上,有一定的指引可以遵從,每個人的行為都受到道德的檢驗,以維護社會大眾的利益。

教會也是由人群組成的,必然有管理牧師、傳道的教牧倫理,處理教會事務所牽涉到的人際問題。在教會內亦聚集了幾十、幾百、幾千、甚至幾萬人,彼此交往互動時,也需要遵循特定的倫理規則。

華人教會較少涉獵倫理的議題,基督徒一向認為,只要大家能真正實踐聖經的教導,便可以相安無事,平穩度日。然而在教會內發生千奇百怪的問題,仍時有所聞,眾人意見紛紜,莫衷一是。基督徒首先需要學會如何在教會中活好群體生活,然後才有資格告訴社會如何過群體生活。華人牧者白恩拾牧師所寫的《愛的倫理學-教會生活倫理初探》正好填補了這個重要的缺口,嘗試探討現時教會經常面對倫理生活的困擾,並且提供合情合理的出路。


教會生活中各種行為的倫理判斷,當然是根據聖經教訓、信仰原則,以及人的理性經驗來做綜合判斷。這與世界上其他的倫理問題,只根據人的歷史經驗與理性法則作為參考,有很大的差異。

基督徒願意加入教會,成為教會的一份子,表示他們決定委身於一個單一信仰的群體之中,認同這個群體的目標和使命,接受聖經的教導,作為行事為人的依據。理想上,教會生活應該更和諧,更合符崇高的道德標準。可惜,教會的表現卻不是處處都令人滿意的。教會的犯罪醜聞、人事糾紛、管理不當,常常為人所詬病。原因除了基督徒也是罪人之外,最核心的關鍵就是,各人對聖經的解釋有很大的歧見,對明白上帝的旨意有多種不同的理解。雖是同一信仰,但分裂與對立的問題比多元文化的社會更嚴重,有時甚至比非基督徒的處事手法更偏離基督教精神。

作者在本書之中嘗試具體而深入探討教會生活最常見的問題,例如:基督徒即使被毀謗也不可以彼此告上法庭嗎?教會領袖發生性醜聞應怎樣處理?十一奉獻可以不給教會,轉而奉獻給福音機構嗎?屬靈出版物若用於非牟利福音事工,就可以隨便複製嗎?信徒之間發生金錢糾紛,應該怎樣處理?為了得著更多屬靈供應而轉換教會,可以嗎?教會領袖離婚,還可以繼續事奉嗎?

人際之間的問題,從來沒有間斷過,基督徒亦不能倖免。處理教會內發生的問題,除了秉持公平、公義、合情合理的原則之外,還要以愛和關懷鄰舍為終極的考量。

作者在書中強調,信徒參與教會,即是與弟兄姊妹形成一個生命共同體,彼此血肉相連、榮辱與共,就像一家人一樣。在這個家庭裡一起分享上帝豐富的供應,也一同承擔責任。家中若有缺乏,必定甘願付出自己的時間、金錢和一切努力,彌補家裡的不足。若非不得已,絕不輕言離開。家中若有人犯錯,固然需要有適當的處分,可是對待家人,也必然懷著無盡的寬恕和接納,同時循循善誘,把他納入正軌。


時下教會出現種種光怪陸離的情況,大部份原因是由於教會家不成家,信徒雖然彼此聲稱弟兄姊妹,卻沒有真正家人的情懷。隨意批評和指摘,造成多少的傷害和積怨;在聚會之中沒有得到造就,就企圖轉換教會;教牧或領袖犯下嚴重罪行,使得教會撕裂;信徒之間為金錢利益、意見不同而引起衝突,也沒有將對方視為家人。

唯願基督徒在處理教會的事情上,都以教會為家,在愛與公義的前題下,為著全家人的好處,作最明智的取捨和決定。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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