Home昔日真理報2016年 真理報文章2016 年 6 月【日本樂散步】水都!東京?

【日本樂散步】水都!東京?

 

Chion

 

江戶是東京都的舊名字,很多人都知道,但東京的原來樣貌又有多少人知道呢?

真有點不能想像,昔日的東京是一片濕地沼澤,河水經常氾濫,難於耕種,也沒有太多乾地可以建房子住人。 把這一片惡劣、荒蕪之地打造成能住人的清潔、美麗、繁榮大城市的是有一位非常有遠見、聰明的大將軍,他叫德川家康。他看中沒有人要的軟土泥灘卻氣候溫暖的江戶,1605 年左右,決心打造新的水之都,讓這裡成為人們可以安居樂業的新城市。

德川家康首先是治水防洪,把氾濫的利根川 90 度轉彎曲道去別處,不經東京出大海。改道河流,建設運河,增加乾地。全江戶給新建的運河繞著,水路系統逐漸完善,運輸貿易也隨之豐盛,水之都也慢慢形成。十年中人口由 6 萬增至 50 萬,一百年後已過的 100 萬,比當時倫敦的 90 萬人還多。他也把日後東京城市計劃的初形整理好,為東京能快速成為大都市定下好基礎。

江戶時代的東京,日本橋

德川將軍能在泥地上看到未來,聰明的他一定很努力學習新知識新技術,而且有耐性及恆心,因單是治水工程就用了 60 年,他死後才完成。歷史上滿有智慧,建聖殿築城池的偉人所羅門王在箴言書24:3寫下:「房屋因智慧建造,又因聰明立穩,其中因知識充滿各樣美好寶貴的財物。」建造一座美城,真很需要智慧及知識。

徳川將軍花了很多心思打造江戶城。他不只把河川改道,也在兩岸建防水堤, 還在上面種植櫻花樹防泥傾瀉,而人們賞花時走動能把泥土踏實,一舉兩得。因這整頓工程,出名的賞櫻花之地多在河川旁,如隅田川、目黑川、神田川等兩旁都種滿櫻花。

江戶的貿易繁盛,吸引更多民眾移居,地方不夠用,接著徳川將軍就把江戶城堡(現在的皇宮)附近的神田山等移山填海,把城前的大海填滿,增加陸地。讓平民可以建設房子居住。這些區域稱為下町(老鎮、舊區),如「淺草」「品川」對外近海等地。江戶城堡後面的實陸地稱為「山手」,是有名望之人的居住地,山手也是電車「山手線」名字由來。

這時垃圾及排泄物也隨人口正比例大量增加。城市整頓後,幕府再不容許在河川隨便亂丟垃圾,亂排排泄物。首先,將收集的垃圾埋在指定區域填海,在東京灣多處造陸地,好像魚市場「築地」,如其名是築出來的地方。排泄物的處理就是利用四通八達的運河,把一桶一桶的屎尿用水路運去江戶城旁邊的千葉縣農田作肥料,種好的蔬果又用運河運回江戶賣,互助互惠,雙贏!

江戶的水全是海水,不能飲用。徳川將軍就建造水道,因為要確保由郊外輸入的水,在運輸過程中的清潔。他在地下三至四米埋下木製水管。在長屋居住的十多戶人家合用承擔一個水井,所以有了「井戶端會議」的現象,平民百姓愛圍著水井邊交流談天。聖經時代,人們也愛在井邊交流,在約翰福音4章裏,說到主耶穌在井旁與撒馬利亞婦人交談,賜她永遠不渴的生命活水。現在出名賞花之地的「井之頭公園」,因是水道湧泉的源頭所在地所以叫「井之頭」。在神田川上有條「水道橋」,就是木製水管橋橫跨河流的地方。每一個名字背後都記下了那地方的歷史,濕地原形水都出身的東京,所以特別多像「田」「川」「池」「橋」「洲」的地名,但有多少人記得這地的昔日呢?

現在東京陸路交通網絡發達,運河水路也沒有可用之處。但也留下殘影,就是在沿河流上建造的首都環狀高速公路,沿著河流繞著市中心一圈二圈而建,並以放射線狀路線向外延伸,四通八達通過東京出城外。

德川家族努力所建的運河、水都都是過去的歷史。江戶時代幾經變遷到了今天的東京。城堡、房子、古塔等建築物因經歷戰爭、地震及火災都沒有了。 只剩下土地形態,上面的建築物毀了又建,建了又拆。「一代過去,一代又來,地卻永遠長存。」(傳道書1:4)也是所羅門王的人生心得:就算全世界最聰明的人,他手所建多雄偉的物,對比起神所創造長存的「地」,也變得沒有什麼可跨。

 

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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