【非洲異國情】墟期

 

信人類最早在地上生存時,市墟在社群間是最基本的買賣活動地方。他們因明白靠自供自給的有限,與旁鄰合作和以物換物才是最好辦法。買賣活動在文明世界有複雜的體系和運作模式,在非洲城市人也與其他國家的發展相近,但有許多小鄉鎮仍保留傳統買賣的市墟。

社群的生活補給站

墟期對鄉鎮村民的生活很重要。村民因散居偏遠地方,路險崎嶇,與外隔涉,出入缺乏良好交通工具。除了部份男丁有單車外,婦女和青年人外出都只靠步行,日行數里或更長路程。平日各忙於田務畜牧事務,市墟對他們是個生活補給站,也是個與親屬好友相聚的好機會。墟期一般是五日一次,由各鄉委議定,各地區的墟期不同,這有助流動商販巡迴到各墟市活動。墟期是全家總動員辦貨日子,各人都在家忙著準備出售貨品,如編織和手工藝品、牲畜家禽、自家製造食用品和木柴等,賺來金錢可換購糧餉用品。

產物大匯串

墟期約在早上十時許開始,人群從四面八方擁來。運貨到場的人中,男丁有牽著牛羊來,又有駕著驢拖的木頭車運糧,擠滿了一袋袋穀物,有小米、玉米、木黍、花生,及煤炭等。婦女因穿著長裙而不便騎單車, 出門都是步行,部份更是赤足走。攜載物品是用布包扎或大面盤,一併放在頭上頂載而行。貨品有手工藝品如草籃、草掃把、木雕造的研缽和研杵(是各家戶推磨五穀弄飯必備用具),還有扛抬大小瓦缸,頂抬如疊羅漢般,一人可扛七個,少女也可有三、四個,還有年長婦女頂載木柴。看來婦女的頭功和運載平衡術自少鍛鍊有素,步姿優美少有失手。大貨車從遠市運貨也到來分發各商戶,然後等候收購五穀產物後才回去。

商貿活躍,吃玩盡享

市墟場地是固定的,多在大空地,也有些設在公路兩旁。當天有巡警和當地保安人員巡邏維持秩序,有政府派員來規檢肉食檔肉類,合格後才可出售。更有專員到場向各檔主徵收營業檔稅,費用隨檔攤大小而定。某些日子有流動車到來出售廉價葯品,以揚聲器宣傳來吸引顧客。

市場檔位是劃有地區,但沒有編號和支搭檔架,檔主先到先得,商販貨到來就地經營擺賣,都望快速銷售貨物,各施各法議價還價爭好貨價,但要找好賣主也要有耐性。

貨品中以穀物和牲畜為主,還有自家泡製肥皂和手工藝用品,鄉村人選購用品有布匹衣服、日用品和藥品。

在菜蔬區角落商販多為婦女,種類要視乎季節,秋收後的旺盛菜季才有多種選擇,有西白菜(多以切開小片分售)、生菜、蘿蔔、茄子、青椒、洋蔥等。

地道的植物油,是從某果實的核內提煉,煮熟後成固體,裹成小球狀放在大草籃運來出售。

另一處是修補車呔和木頭車,又出售有關的配件。旁邊有單車停泊處,有顧員負責保管和點收費用。又一角是農務工具,如犂耙、刀、鏟、鋤、剪、各等家用煮食具、大小繩索,都屬低廉簡便的農戶用具。

另一角是肉類出售區,肉類多為羊牛類,肉販將鮮肉放在草蓆上,又在地放了一大木塊作切板,手拿大長刀將肉塊在木塊上砍切。豬肉因當地斯林村民眾多有禁忌,只可到較遠隱蔽地方才找到。肉檔近旁有串燒肉,配伴辣椒和洋蔥,煙火香味遠播,吸引不少愛吃男女圍著品嚐,同時吸引好些狗隻來找吃,有些不慎吃了遺地沾有辣椒的肉碎後而惹上麻煩,隨即大吠苦叫而久久未能平服。

還有流動冰飲小販以單車或手持冰箱在人群穿梭,出售冰淇淋、小膠袋裝的椰汁、薑水和其他汽水,和最便宜的膠袋裝冰水。還有流動小販售賣鞋、布匹、鐘錶、收音機、手機電話、太陽鏡、葯物和零食等。

熟食區內多由婦女主持,為勞碌大半天的顧客提供肚腹之需。檔口簡便,週圍有兩、三個大煲,多是簡便餐和大眾價經營,如碟頭飯加少許醬汁碎肉,也有以小米或玉米粉造的糕餅,或烤肉類等。

有出售唱機和音樂碟的檔主用大揚聲器宣傳,吸引少男少女圍著欣賞。平日衣衫陳舊的勞動鄉民, 當日也穿著較整潔服裝, 少女多有打扮和紥起亮麗髮式,青年人結伴吃喝,在音樂和歡笑中逛遊。

只是近黃昏

非洲的墟期是個土產交易的集散地,也為社群間提供友情聯繫和相聚問好的好時光,又是文化交流的匯點,或是聚眾調解平日糾紛的機會。在人群熙來攘往,車聲畜聲,音樂和人群歡笑聲中,一洗平日村民在鄉間勞動和沉悶心情。不覺已斜陽西照,老遠來的村民也要動身回家。各人整天在市墟內團團轉,倦態浮現,但心滿意足。單車,滿載貨品和婦孺長者的木頭車一輛輛地揚長而去,堆滿收購的土產貨品兼乘客的貨車也響起開車長號了,各人就此話別,五天後再見。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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