Home昔日真理報2017年 真理報文章2017 年 5 月【耶和華名譯史】和合本《新約》裡的耶和華名稱

【耶和華名譯史】和合本《新約》裡的耶和華名稱

 

也許神預先知道人會把自己的名刪掉,所以祂刻意保留了希伯來語「哈利路亞」在新舊約裡的慣用語,那些以為不應呼讀或書寫神名字的信徒,他們有所不知,每次他們叫「哈利路亞」,其實都已經直接呼喚或書寫了神的名字,只是自己懵然不知而已。

和合本的譯者很有心思,他知道讀者不會知道希伯來文「哈利路亞」的意思,所以在啟示錄19:1特別在「哈利路亞」後面用括弧寫著〔就是要讚美耶和華的意思〕,又在詩篇 104:35 - 105:1「讚美耶和華」後面用括弧寫著〔原文是哈利路亞;下同〕,以正視聽。讀者只需翻閱你們的和合本啟示錄19:1,便可以清楚看到「哈利路亞」後面用括弧寫著〔就是要讚美耶和華的意思〕。「哈利路亞」在詩篇與啟示錄均有記載,這也證明了《新約》裡也有耶和華的名。

「此後,我聽見好像群眾在天上大聲說:哈利路亞〔就是要讚美耶和華的意思〕!救恩、榮耀、權能都屬乎我們的神!」(啟 19:1)

「願罪人從世上消滅!願惡人歸於無有!我的心哪,要稱頌耶和華!你們要讚美耶和華〔原文是哈利路亞;下同〕! 你們要稱謝耶和華,求告他的名,在萬民中傳揚祂的作為!」(詩篇 104:35 - 105:1)

那我們應該叫神「耶和華」或「雅威 」呢?

神當然願意我們用比較正確的發音呼喚祂,這個道理不難理解。筆者最要好的朋友是中學的同窗 David。初相識時,筆者曾嘗試稱呼他 Davy,但看他馬上臉色大變,反應異常地困擾,要求我只稱呼他為 David,不要叫他 Davy。也有顧客叫 Alicia,她極之厭惡人家叫她 Alice。對人而言,名字有時是差之毫釐,謬以千里的。一個人的名字是他的榮耀,我們對自己的名字都有情意結,推己及神,神照著自己的形像來造人,因此我們也不難感受到祂對自己名字也有情意結。況且,在本書以上第二章13節,神已說明清楚祂對自己名字的情意結。

近代考證,YHWH 比較正確的發音是 Yahweh,普通話拼作「亞偉」。這發音是怎樣來的?先說前半部「YH」:信徒常掛在口邊的「哈利路亞 Halleluyah」,「哈利路亞Hallelu」就是「讚美」的意思,「亞 yah」便是「耶」 或「雅」,是「耶」和華名字的短稱。因此,我們可以推斷前半部「YH」的發音是「亞 yah」。而後半部「WH」,希伯來字母「W」近乎英語「V」的讀音,所以「WH」,推斷發音是「偉 weh」。合拼起來,「YH-WH」的讀音便是「亞偉 Yahweh」,而不是「耶和華 Jehovah」。

1979 年《證主福音協會》拼作「雅魏」,《维基百科》拼為「雅威」或「耶威」,《百度百科》也拼為「雅威」,《俢行百科》拼作「雅赫维」,也有學者拼作「雅偉」,英語譯本則採用 Yahweh,彼此發音大同小異。

如今,神名字「雅偉 」的發音已頗為廣泛應用,讀者不妨改稱祂「雅威 」,神是會喜悅的。不過拼音準確與否不是最重要,例如英語「Jesus」也不是祂準確的拼音,重要的是我們順服神,時常按祂的叮囑,直接呼喚父神和祂兒子的名,「耶和華 」或「雅偉 」,都是直接呼喚祂們的名,只是拼音準程度而已。

耶穌的名怎樣發音?

耶穌是一個頗為普遍猶太人名字,在聖經裡已有另外兩個人名叫耶穌。英語的發音「Jesus 支撒士」是不準確的拼音,此發音來自祂名字的希臘語拼音「Ie-sous'」。其實耶穌的希伯來名叫‎ Yehoshua יְהוֹשֻׁעַ , 短稱 Yeshua יֵשׁוּעַ 。讀者想以希伯來發音來稱呼祂,可以叫祂 Yeshua,拼過來是接近「Yesue 耶穌」。

因此 Jesus 的 "J" 原意是以拉丁的 "Y 亞" 來發音的,因此 Jesus 應讀作 Yesus,即是希伯來的 Yeshua,那便比較正確了。正如 Jehovah,"J" 原意是以拉丁的 "Y 亞" 來發音的,便應該讀成 Yehovah,《和合本》的「耶和華 」便是從這個 Yehovah 發音拼出來的。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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