Home昔日真理報2017年 真理報文章2017 年 10 月【事事關心】糾正錯謬信義所需的素質

【事事關心】糾正錯謬信義所需的素質

 

編者按:請各位讀者同時參閱盧牧師在本刊 8 月號發表的《1517年牽起對德國的關注》一文(http://www.globaltm.org/index.php/item-all-tm/item-cat-atc-2031/item-cat-atc-2017-08/3853-atc-van-1708-24)。

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天主教會發售贖罪券的場景(木刻作品1530年)

 

馬丁路德(Martin Luther)於 1517 年 10 月 31 日在德國威丁堡(Wittenberg)一間教堂門上釘上他的著名《95條論綱》,成為後世基督徒所推崇的宗教改革先鋒的領袖。後世學者冠以「抗議宗改革」(Protestant Reformation)這名詞去彰顯此舉對整個基督教信仰和教會發展的劃時代運動。

馬丁路德對後世和當時的教會和基督徒最大的影響是有關「恩典」的忽略、誤解、誤用。「信義宗」(和後來的加爾文 Calvin 所倡導的改革宗 Reformed Church)的核心教義乃在於「因信稱義」,他更強調的是"因信藉著恩典稱義"。《95條論綱》涉及很多基督教信仰內涵,但引致他挑戰羅馬教廷的導火線是他對教廷出售贖罪卷行為的嚴詞譴責。對現今世人來說,相信大部份人會對此事一笑置之,"我自己不買贖罪卷便是,犯不著與教廷對抗啊!"然而,馬丁路德認為這涉及大是大非的重要問題,不能置之不理。他不顧自己性命的安危而決定有所行動,因此,在教堂門釘上《95條論綱》,以行動鼓勵其他信徒站出來,糾正教廷的荒謬教導和行為,因為不少人買了贖罪卷之後,便公開地說:人不再需要悔改、不再需要處理任何犯罪的行為!

馬丁路德對抗教廷的種勇氣其實反映了他對「義」的執著,他不像一般基督徒因為高舉恩典而只講「愛」﹐卻忽略「義」。他認為這是個非常核心問題,是涉及基督教信仰本質的問題,所以,他不惜自己生命的安危,決意與當時的教廷對抗,抗議它錯誤地領導教會。馬丁路德和比他年輕十多歲的加爾文都大力提倡「唯獨信心、唯獨聖經」為基要教義。藉著基督在十字架上所表明的恩典,而非人因自己的行為而「稱義」,這是使徒保羅在羅馬書的教導,也是馬丁路德和加爾文等改教運動領袖的偉大堅持。

可惜的是,500 年後的現今,很多教會和信徒程度不同地都犯了不平衡的「唯恩典主義」,導致不少信徒忽略思考聖經所提及的「更新的生命」究竟是什麼意思,也不認為必須在日常生活上表達出信仰的樣式。「因信藉恩典稱義」指出:唯有道成肉身的上帝藉著十字架的痛苦、羞辱、死亡與復活,才使我們得蒙救贖、生命得到更新的動力,這是聖經新約裡所啟示的核心教義。

還有,令人嘆息的是很多基督徒被「成功神學」誤導。最近 20 多年,北美洲不少吸引千人、萬人加入的教會都是以「功成利就」作為上帝祝福的印證。這套神學教導信徒追求「成功」,誤導信徒以為「成功」是神能表達恩典的一個確據,引致很多信徒產生一種錯誤的熱衷,這樣的教會也因為人的私慾而產生巨大的吸引力。從世俗人的眼界來說,這種教會似乎非常「成功」,因為它們人財兩得!

對於真心追求耶穌基督所啟示之真理的信徒,他們應該感覺到痛心疾首,因為那些信徒忽略聖經裡十字架的核心信息,只是嚮往功利主義的那種成功,看不見神的救贖計劃,也看不見自己在這救贖計劃中的使命。

另一方面,現今越來越多信徒沉醉於追求主觀的體驗。此類信仰最關注的,並不是聖經所包涵的教導和耶穌的歷史真實性,而是個人的主觀信仰體驗,例如方言、平安的感覺等等。信仰確實能夠產生這類心靈體驗,但這類主觀體驗卻沒有導致他們了解到《聖經》新約提及之徹底的生命更新這一方面。這種主觀體驗的追求導致福音派信仰根基淺薄,沒有產生正確的「作光作鹽」的生命力量!

馬丁路德和其他宗教改革領袖的生命事跡有什麼可以激勵現今的教會領袖和信徒呢?

首先,這些領袖所推崇之「唯獨信心、唯獨聖經」提醒所有基督徒要重視內在生命的塑造,藉著熟讀《聖經》協助信心的建立﹐並且引導人生的正確方向,正如詩篇第一篇1-2節所說:" 不從惡人的計謀﹐不站罪人的道路﹐不坐褻慢人的座位﹐惟喜愛耶和華的律法﹐晝夜思想﹐這人便為有福。"

其次,基督徒的生命不是停留在只有讀經、研經的頭腦 "活動" 上,更要在實際人群生活中見證上帝所賜予的生命,而見證不單是你如何得救重生,更是學習如何將上帝的真道活出來,並且將實際體驗從信仰立場傳達給你周圍的人。上帝所喜悅的門徒,是那些樂意遵循主耶穌在馬太福音[5:16]所教導的:

"你們的光也當這樣照在人前﹐叫他們看見你們的好行為﹐便將榮耀歸給你們在天上的父。"

馬丁路德並非一個完美人,他根本沒有刻意去成為一位站在道德高台的領袖。他其實有不少缺點值得我們警醒,無須仿效,不過,他那種對上帝忠貞的生命,卻留下很多值得我們反思和學習的言論,其中一句是:


"我的良知是紮根在神的話語上的。" (My conscience is bound to the Word of God.)

願廣大基督徒都努力嘗試明白聖經所記載的上帝的話語,而且將祂的教導和誡命忠誠地實行出來,以致我們面對世事之際,分辨是非、好歹的準則是建基於祂的啟示,從而成為真正的智慧人。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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