Home昔日真理報2017年 真理報文章2017 年 10 月【新聞後記】急須全面檢討的安省數學課程

【新聞後記】急須全面檢討的安省數學課程

 

安省教育質素及問責辦公室(The Education Quality and Accountability Office ,簡稱 EQAO)於 9 月開學前夕公布了最新數學考試成績。安省 6 年級學生中,有一半(50%)未能符合省級數學標準,與去年相比沒有任何改善,而3年級學生數學考試達標人數,更有所下降, 由去年的 63% 輕微下跌至 62% 。所謂未能達標,並非考試不合格。只是省府致力提高數學水平,故將標準定於 ABCD 四級中的 B 級,分數相當於 70 分。一半學生未能達標,即一半學生成績低於 70 分的 B 級。若以考試合格分數為標準,則達標人數會大幅提高。

省府多項針對措施未能奏效

數據顯示,近年安省小學生數學考試成績下滑是不爭事實,並已持續近十年。符合省級數學標準的 6 年級學生比例,從 5 年前的 57% 下降到 50%。有見及此,安省政府於上學年宣佈連串針對性措施,包括投放 6,000 萬元,要求小學生每天接受至少 60 分鐘的强制性數學教學、為每所學校增聘 1 至 3 位數學專科教師、為其他教師開設數學教學深造課程,包括特定1天的數學專業發展日;另外,爲考試成績特別差的學校家長,提供免費數學補課等額外支援 。

可惜的是,省府去年引進的多項針對措施未能起立竿見影之效,從剛公佈的數學考試成績便可見一斑。當然,新措施需要一段時間才能見到成效,學術成績亦非一時三刻可以急於求成。但歸根究底,小學生數學成績近年不斷下滑的原因何在?綜合多位教委及教育工作者的意見,主要原因出於 1. 課程設計 及 2. 教師數學水平偏低。

發現式數學課程

省府於 11 年前引入發現式數學課程 (Discovery Math),取代傳統的基本數學課程。發現式數學課程的特色是採取問題解決方式,以日常生活的文字題帶出數學概念,讓學生自己探索知識,以邏輯思考解決問題。即使最終答案錯誤,只要解釋及程序正確,也可以得分。此課程取代過往反覆做數學試題及背誦算式的傳統方式,乘數表也不須背誦,改用其他方法運算。這樣的教學法當然有其可取之處,但也有它的弊端。不少家長及初中教師都認為, 目前很多小學生根本連最基本的加﹑減﹑乘﹑除四則運算都搞不清楚,日後面對更艱深的數學題目時﹐自然無法應付。有數學教師強調, 數學除講求理解外﹐亦必須每日重覆練習﹐才能打好根基。

八成數學教師並非專科出身

另一項備受批評的是,目前小學的數學老師毋須專科出身,數學科主要由班主任負責教授,而班主任大部份是文科出身。有調查報告顯示, 83% 安省的三年級教師和 80% 的六年級教師,在數學上都沒有受過高等教育。有教育工作者質疑, 以缺乏數學背景的教師教授數學科, 在過往使用傳統基本數學課程時,問題可能不大;但在發現式課程下,教師未必有足夠專業知識引導小朋友了解及思考問題所在,往往令教學效果未如理想,學生對數學科的認知及興趣自然大打折扣。

反觀同樣採用發現式數學課程的魁北克省,數學成績是全國之冠,最大原因是魁省教師的培訓更好。

當地的教育學士學位要花 4 年完成﹐期間準教師要在小學或中學課堂實習最少 700 個小時。而在安省﹐教師通常先考取 4 年本科文憑﹐再修讀兩年教育學位便可成為教師;在 2015 年前﹐安省教師更只需接受一年培訓。那等於說﹐大部分教師在課堂上受訓的時間﹐只有魁省同行的四分之一。再者,魁省7年級與 8 年級學生是由數學專科老師教授﹐絕對較安省學生優勝。

省府承諾改革現有學校課程

有見及此,安省教育廳隨即在 9 月初宣佈,將會全面改革現有的學校課程,當中自然包括備受抨擊的數學科。改革重點關注解決問題、溝通和批判性思維的「可轉移的生活技能」,以解決學生成績下降的問題,並於下學年推出新的成績表,希望能更全面反映這些技能。教育廳亦將更新目前的 EQAO 評估測試,以配合課程的改革。期間,省府強調會進行廣泛的全面咨詢,聽取各教育工作者及家長組織的意見。

當然,子女成績不理想,不能全怪責學校 。家長應多與子女溝通,了解他們的學習進度及困難,再與老師及家長會跟進。把子女送往補習是不少家長的慣常做法,但家長更應盡量抽時間在子女溫習及做家課時從旁指導,並給予支持及鼓勵。不論是子女的學業成績或是做人處世之道,教導的任務均是父母責無旁貸的責任。「教養孩童,使他走當行的道,就是到老他也不偏離。」(箴言22:6) 「你們作父親的,不要惹兒女的氣,只要照著主的教訓和警戒養育他們。」(以弗所書6:4)

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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