Home昔日真理報2017年 真理報文章2017 年 10 月【特稿】從聖經看女性的角色 -- 鮑維均博士專訪

【特稿】從聖經看女性的角色 -- 鮑維均博士專訪

 

亞裔傳統文化強調男尊女卑,男性在家是一家之主。社會上的重要領導地位,也主要以男性居之。雖然時代不斷改變,但壓根兒重男輕女的觀念依舊存在於不少傳統家庭中,令不少人對男女性角色仍然迷失和誤解。與此同時,隨著女性教育水平和經濟能力的提升,女性在社會和家庭上的角色產生了不少變化。這些變化往往構成女性、甚至她們身邊的男性在身份和角色上的沖激。鮑維均博士是華人圈子裡著名的聖經學者,近日更發表過關於男女角色和婦女事奉的文章。我們很榮幸邀請到鮑博士與我們進行了一個影像面談,分享了不少他從聖經看女性角色的見解,也點出了很多問題的精髓。

鮑博士首先提出要處理目前的女性議題,必須從了解女權運動的背景開始。女權運動主要分為兩方面:(一)第一代的女權運動始於超過一百年前,主要為爭取和保護女性應有的權益,不因女性的身份和特質(如分娩、育兒等)而受到歧視和虐待。雖然社會上已有許多保障婦女的聲音,可惜視乎地域和個別環境,女性權益仍存在被剝削的情況,這是值得我們注意和繼續努力的地方;(二)近代的女權運動焦點則置在男女平等之上:平等的機會、平等的代遇、平等的地位等。這一代男女性在能力上、教育上差異不大,本來平等機會和代遇該是合理的要求,而聖經的教導也指向男女性地位本無高低之分。可惜近代的女權運動傾向與個人主義掛鉤,容易走向極端、產生兩性對立,造成關係甚至社會的矛盾和撕裂。其實在不少亞洲國家和地區如泰國、南韓和台灣,已有女性充當國家和政治領袖,其中部分原因離不開人際脈絡,這反而造就了女性居領袖位置的機會。相反,高舉個人主義的北美,由女性出任國家元首,仍有不少阻力。我們需要重新反思,免得以爭取女性權利為名,實質變成了鼓吹個人主義。

回到聖經的基本,從創世記中清楚指出神造男造女的目的和心意,當中並不存在地位的高低。創1:27 "神就照著自己的形像造人,乃是照著衪的形像造男造女。" 上帝造人的計劃裡是包括男和女的,而男女同時的出現、彼此和諧共處的關係、互相的配搭,正好反映了神的形像,也顕出了神造出兩性的心意。一直以來,許多人的誤解主要來自創2:18 "那人獨居不好,我要為他造一個配偶幇助他",因此認為:創造中該以男性為首,女性被造的角色只屬輔助和次要,地位不及男性。其實該處經文所用 "幫助" 一詞,在舊約中曾出現多次,每次的用法均為強者幫助弱者,其中也包涵上帝幫助人,本質上完全沒有地位卑微的去服侍主人或強者的含意。所以這裡上帝為男人造一個配偶,並非替男人找個讓他任用、配合他的助手或婢女,而是賜他一個相配、與他地位相同,能和他共肩作戰、互相幫助、共同努力的生命夥伴。因此就夫婦關係而言,男的不是要找個迎合自己口味的附屬品為妻子;而女的也絕非定要找個超越自己,凡事要領導、作主的男人為丈夫。有些人亦會以上帝先造男人來支持男尊女卑的說法,其實被造的次序也不構成重要性,雖然上帝先造男人,才造女人,但動物比男人更早被造,卻不因此而地位超越男人。

簡單來說,應用在生活中,男女性在地位上是無分高低的,在配搭上應各展所長,好好運用自己的恩賜,兩性互補不足、彼此配合、彼此順服,而不一定把自己局限在傳統的框架內。落實到家庭的角色和責任,在現代的家庭生活裡,不少人已逐漸打破男主外、女主內的傳統。鮑博士指出就以他任教的神學院而言,過去多是丈夫入讀、預備將來事業,而妻子照顧家庭和小孩的例子居多;現在有不少情況是妻子讀神學,丈夫照顧家庭和孩子來支持的。可惜的是,社區甚至教會對男性選擇照顧家庭的支援和配套都十分欠缺,使這個族群的需要常被忽視,這是值得我們深思的現象。

蒙活現機構允許,轉載自 2016 年 9 月出版 "活現家庭雜誌" 第 8 期。

雜誌內容請瀏覽

https://issuu.com/presenceministry/docs/presence_magazine_chinese_2016

活現機構網址

http://presencequotient.org/

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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