Home昔日真理報2017年 真理報文章2017 年 11 月【職場上的祭司】基督教信仰:七個高效能思維(六)

【職場上的祭司】基督教信仰:七個高效能思維(六)

 

以終為始

當我們溝通時,很容易有很多誤會,原因是我們的聆聽出現問題。美國著名暢銷書《與成功有約:7個高效能習慣》的作者 Stephen Covey* 在其書中指出大部分人在溝通時,並不是為了理解對方,而只是為了回應。例如:有同事遲到,我們的反應會是「你又遲到」「你昨晚又去哪裡玩?」「你個仔又纏住你?我都話你不要這樣寵他」...其實,同事遲到的原因可能是因為拉肚子或是交通擠塞導致,而我們卻沒有好好地聽。

聆聽的問題是有五個層次:

1. Ignoring 完全忽略所有的訊息;

2. Pretending 並沒有真的在聽;

3. Selective Listening 只接收到自己想聽的訊息;

4. Attentive Listening 專注在所聽到的文字,只接收到文字部份的訊息。

5. Empathic Listening 以試圖理解對方的心態在聆聽,理解對方的觀點、paradigm、背景知識及感受,從對方的角度看事物。

但是少有人願意或懂得用同理心去聆聽對方。Stephen Covey 鼓勵先評估、理解對方、了解真實的情況(診斷)之後,再做決定(給處方)。這種方法相對於不聆聽更勝一籌,起碼是願意溝通的第一步。可是,我們都是普通一個屬肉體的人,沒法全面掌握事實、很難用客觀的眼光去評論事情,加上智慧有限沒法參透萬事。

《聖經》教導信徒要「快快地聽,慢慢地說」,常有人說:「神造人有兩隻耳朵,一個口,就是要聽比講兩倍」。「快快地聽」是讓自己安靜,有句諺語「Silence is a powerful weapon when negotiating」(安靜是最有效的磋商武器)。為什麼要先聆聽?

(1) 愛的表現

Paul Tillich 曾經說過「愛的首要職責就是聆聽。」(The first duty of love is to listen)聆聽是一種愛的表現,聆聽者要首先將自己放下來,透過聆聽將別人的生命引進他們的心坎裡。沒有專心聆聽就好像將別人拒諸於門外一樣。德國神學家潘霍華(Dietrich Bonhoeffer)也曾經說過「差的聆聽是一種拒絕,好的聆聽是一種擁抱,差的聆聽令到別人渺小,好的聆聽令到他們覺得存在和重要。」(Poor listening rejects, good listening embraces. Poor listening diminishes the other person, while good listening invites them to exist, and to matter.) 遇上對方在哀傷時,拍對方的肩膀或一個擁抱比起說千言萬語來得更窩心。

(2) 神介入

當安靜時,基督徒會細心聆聽聖靈的微聲,聖靈會賜人有分辨的能力、智慧的言語、知識的言語和當說的話;在《詩篇》46:10也說「你們要休息,要知道我是神」,當信徒將說話回應的主權交給主的時候,所說的話就會充滿神的慈愛、憐憫、公義與智慧,也能識破那惡者的詭計。記得有一次有位女士說自己多麼的厲害能賺多少錢,神告訴筆者她是在撒謊,不要相信她,結果,她原來是在破產的邊緣,她想騙財,以致日後不用償還。

當我們要說話時,要小心勒住自己的舌頭,雅各指出舌頭在百體裡也是最小的我,卻能說大話。看哪,最小的火能點著最大的樹林。在《聖經》中教導信徒說話時要注意的地方:

(1) 合宜的說話

箴言說:「一句話說得合時,就像金蘋果落在銀網子裏。」這比喻說明,選擇對的時機說話很重要。金蘋果本身就很好看,若放在雕花的銀器襯托就更加賞心悅目了。同樣地,小心選擇適當的時間開口,能使我們說出的話更能夠達到效果。在溝通時,盡量說出積極、鼓勵的說話,讓對方感覺到被接納、被肯定。因此,《箴言》12:18「有人說話不慎,好像利刀刺人,智慧人的舌頭卻能醫治人。」

(2) 清潔的心

馬太福音12:33-34(新譯本)說,「你們種好樹就結好果子,種壞樹就結壞果子;憑?果子就能認出樹來...... 因為心中所充滿的口裡就說出來。」那些充塞在你心中的思緒意念,很容易就會從你口中溜出來,所以當你老在想?同樣事情,這些事不自然就成為你說話的內容。因此,信徒要常親近神,口就不能出假見證、謊話、污穢的言語。(下期再續)

* Stephen Covey 是摩門教徒,筆者絕對不認同其信仰內容。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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