【非洲異國情】自家養雞

 

家雞是日常食品中最普遍不過了 。在文明社會中, 無論雞和雞蛋都很方便買來, 煮出多款美味菜餚。但雞的飼養和供應, 城市人也許未必清楚了解。香港雞隻供應主要靠國內進口,特別是生雞。其他冰鮮雞與食品也有從外國進口的。在非洲文明大城市也有雞隻發展業, 飼養雞鴨農場, 和屠宰等設備也跟得上外國規模水準。

走地雞。在非洲雞隻當地有多個品種, 還有進口雞種。傳統上, 當地人沒有經營雞鴨的行業。在鄉間, 家家戶戶都有養雞和家禽,每戶只養一隻公雞, 母雞就有十多廿隻, 以泥磚搭建的屋作棲身地方便可。當地人養雞事先沒有預備飼料, 白天放活雞隨處覓食, 「走地雞」之名也許由此而得。然而, 雞因隨處覓食, 飼料欠缺營養,又易染上蟲和病毒, 成長需時, 比人工飼養的為小, 質量欠佳。

閒來養雞。筆者在非洲生活時曾有養雞的經歷, 抱著調劑生活, 一飽個人興趣。首先要造雞屋, 分上下兩層, 上層是雞隻休憩地方, 下層是讓雞仔遊玩, 前邊是安設飼料槽, 可讓雞隻伸出頭來啄食, 後邊有幾個生蛋坐座, 蛋隻可隨座盤的洞隨通道滑出籠外, 方便拾取。我們從首都買入一隻公雞和六隻母雞, 是歐洲種,每隻雞每天可產最少一顆蛋, 是紅褐色的。每天約在十時許聽到雞叫聲, 便知道牠們在生產。當地人將這刻鐘易名為「生蛋時」。

剪翼防逃。通常當地人沒有將雞群鎖著, 日間讓牠們隨處覓食, 因飼料短缺, 雞隻體重不高,羽翼豐滿, 又到處走動, 有些更可飛到屋頂和樹頂上。為免走失或被人偷取, 通常家主將雞兩翼的羽毛剪短 , 使他們失去高飛的能力。鄉間人生活節儉, 平日兩餐甚少殺雞吃蛋,只有將雞出售。每逢過節喜慶或款待訪客才宰雞宴客。筆者到鄉村採訪, 每次村民邀請吃飯, 若向戶主提出要加餸殺雞時, 也先付錢購買, 他們才動手預備,活捉生雞也要費一番氣力與雞追逐才可。

繁殖雞苖。當地人要取雞仔時, 要順其自然, 耐性等待母雞生產, 按時下蛋和孵蛋, 不作打擾。雞苖從生產至出雞仔只需廿天便可。當母雞生產期到了, 便找個隱蔽地方, 找來乾草堆在一起, 往後每天牠會生一顆, 把蛋隻在草堆聚在一塊兒, 若到有十多隻蛋時, 牠便暫停生蛋。每天除了到外吃食飲水外, 母雞都會 從早到晚, 很有耐性坐在蛋堆上, 一坐便是十個小時。廿多天後, 清早從雞屋傳來小吱吱的尖叫聲, 小雞仔一隻一隻從蛋殼走出來。多天的守候,終於大工告成, 母雞洋洋得意地帶雞仔隊從草堆走到空地。身披淺黃色外衣的小雞群, 動作很急速, 跟著母雞到處覓食, 整天向地面啄過不停地找食。每天如是地白天出外覓食,約有三、四個月雞仔便長成。

孵蛋與警覺。牠很警覺週圍的安全,若遇外來騒擾, 如老鼠、蜥蜴及蛇等, 母雞便會發狠地攻擊來犯者, 守護蛋堆。我們雖然可設雞隻生產繁殖埸, 但見當地雞隻耐勞有嘉, 就心想用牠們為我們飼養紅蛋的雞作孵蛋工程, 以為雞是色盲, 不能分辨顏色。我們便找個機會, 趁當地母雞生產孵蛋期間, 來過偷龍轉鳯, 在牠照顧的廿只蛋中, 從蛋堆抽起半數, 換上十只暗紅色的蛋。母雞返回, 在蛋堆發覺有異樣, 似乎認得半數不是自己的蛋, 在蛋堆旁徘徊, 想了一回, 牠竟用腳將暗色的蛋從蛋堆撥開到一角, 然後在牠自己的白蛋堆上再坐下孵蛋, 叫筆者為非洲母雞的警覺而驚訝。

小雞與白蟻。據當地鄉村習慣, 要小雞能生長強健, 最好飼料是吃白蟻, 因蟻富有豐富蛋白質。清早地面還是清涼, 地土還未受太陽光曬熱時, 許多白蟻都會從地底走到貼近地面。村丁清早到野外的白蟻山, 用小斧頭從泥山堆鑿出一小塊泥團, 用膠袋裝載帶回家, 在雞群面前打碎泥團, 從泥堆中便有數百上千的小白蟻走動, 母雞和小雞便興奮地在地上啄食白蟻。另外, 雞隻大一點時, 要吃固物如玉蜀黍, 還有綠葉如菜疏等, 都是雞爭取要吃, 蛋内的蛋白中也呈現綠色素, 很詑異連雞也重視吃菜疏, 又是強化蛋質量的要素。

我們飼養的紅雞, 與當地的雞種無異, 通常生蛋期九個月。其後母雞生態出現變化, 牠們有時彼此打鬥, 更有互相啄掉頸上的毛, 又出現不再生蛋, 我們見狀忍痛下將牠們宰殺吃掉, 換上新一批的母雞, 擔任新一輪的產蛋任務。(待續)

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

Go to top