Home昔日真理報2018年 真理報文章2018 年 3 月【耶和華名譯史】「耶和華」名字翻譯小史(9)

【耶和華名譯史】「耶和華」名字翻譯小史(9)

 

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撒旦與神屬靈戰爭的策略

撒旦嫉妒神,全職工作是要對抗神,目的是要破壞神的作為,撒旦最直接惡毒的方法便是傷害神所愛的人。神愛人,祂差耶穌來最終的目的,便是想人與祂和好,榮耀祂,親近祂,聽人呼喚祂名。撒旦無法攻擊神,要搞破壞,只能傷害人,離間人神關係,阻止人與神和好,人若不認識神,便不會讚美神,神的榮耀便被褫奪。

要阻止人與神和好,最簡單便是要人不再知道「誰是神」。要人不再知道「誰是神」,最簡單便是要人不知道神的名字。要人不知道神的名字,最簡單便是讓神的名字從聖經裡消失,聖經裡若沒有神名,信徒便連「誰是神?」的問題都答不出來,自己講不出誰是神,也就告訴不了別人誰是神。人不知「誰是神」,又怎麽與神和好呢?

撒旦第一步戰略:「呼讀避諱」

猶太人自亞當夏娃以來,一向都直呼耶和華名字,撒旦第一步戰略:「呼讀避諱」,要人不再呼喚神的名。

什麼時候以色列人開始不呼換神的名?

約在第一世紀,有一小撮猶太人(可能是法利賽派),曲解聖經十誡中的第三誡:「不可妄稱耶和華─你神的名;因為妄稱耶和華名的,耶和華必不以他為無罪。」認為直接呼讀「耶和華」便是妄稱褻瀆神名,因此主張避諱呼讀名字,硬把「耶和華」改讀為Adonai「主」或 Ha-Shem (即 The Name 的意思)。

也有說法是猶太人經過多年的亡國生活,痛定思痛,悔恨當初拜偶像,離棄神,自知國破家亡是應得懲罰,終於懂得敬畏神,卻又矯枉過正,連神的名也不再敢讀出來;也可能是源於一些極右的虔信派,如法利賽等法學派文士,他們為炫耀對神的虔誠,便無中生有,想出這個「呼讀避諱」的迷信。

撒旦乘機剝削人對神的愛,也玩弄人炫耀虔誠的心理,從中妖言惑眾,有些猶太人誤信讒言,便跟風開始不呼讀神名,改讀為 Adonai 或 Ha-Shem,還自誇是對神的尊重。久而久之,這忤逆荒唐的迷信,像腫瘤一樣擴散,成功蒙蔽大部分猶太人,不再呼讀神名,傷透神心,更弄到連神名字 YHWH 的正確發音也忘記了。

希伯來文有許多字只用輔音書寫,神的名也不例外,以四個輔音由右到左書寫 יהרה,拉丁字母拼作 YHWH,被稱為「四字神名」Tetragrammaton。這四個輔音沒有注上聲母(元音或響音),但猶太人世代口傳,都知道正確的發音是「雅偉」Yahweh。正如英語也有以輔音書寫的習慣,有些名字他們也只以輔音書寫,例如 Ltd, Blvd, St, Rd, 等,雖然沒有注上聲母,但英國人也是世代相口傳,約定俗成,都懂得把字讀為 Limited, Boulevard, Street, Road.

試想,假如有一天,我們禁止人把 Blvd 讀成 Boulevard,要子子孫孫改讀為 Lord,那不出幾代的兒孫,他們看見 Blvd,因為沒有聲母(元音或響音),便再不知道原來是讀作 Boulevard。YHWH 的名便是這個情況,要子子孫孫改讀為 Adonai (Lord)之後,因為沒有聲母,發音便世代失傳。

直呼神的名字,是否妄稱神名?

非也,十誡的第三誡只是說:「不可妄稱耶和華─你神的名;因為妄稱耶和華名的,耶和華必不以他為無罪。」妄稱即是不能以神的名字詛咒,或作「口頭禪」等。叫我們不可「妄稱」,並不是叫我們不「尊稱」。利用這條誡命來褫奪神名,簡直是極大的錯誤。相反,神在聖經裡千叮萬囑,祂是多麼的渴望聽我們呼喚祂的名字呢!

事實上,約公元第一世紀開始的「呼讀避諱」,只是一個相對近代「人的傳統」,而不是「神的旨意」。可怕的是這表面上似乎是一族人的傳統,暗裡卻隱藏著一場兇悍激烈的屬靈戰爭。

那怎樣才是不尊重神名?

其實,避諱不呼讀耶和華名已是不尊重神。那些盲目跟隨猶太避諱傳統的翻譯者,既然想尊重神,便要尊重神的話,祂的聖經,每一個字都是神說的話。祂既然如此默示,我們便應朗誦,更不應在聖經譯本裡把祂的名字刪掉。且看猶太人怎樣尊重神的話,幾千年來都謹慎地把聖經的每一個字,包括耶和華 YHWH 的名字,清楚抄寫,豈敢把名字刪掉,這便是尊重。有些中西方的翻譯者,名為跟隨猶太人傳統,尊重神名,卻把神名在譯本裡刪掉,以 Lord「主」來翻譯,代替神名,弄巧反拙,這才是不尊重,是為猶太人所不齒的!

基督徒東施效顰,卻犯了雙重標準

有些基督徒說:「我們要秉承猶太人的優良傳統,不直接呼讀神名,乃是尊重神。」這些東施效顰的基督徒應自省,「耶和華」的名他們就以尊重為由,不敢呼讀,卻又肆無忌憚,毫無禁忌的直接呼喚「耶穌」的名!耶穌也是神呀,看來他們只擔心褻瀆耶和華名, 卻不擔心褻瀆耶穌的名,這是雙重標準啊。我們應該既不避諱稱呼神的兒子耶穌的名字,亦應不避諱稱呼父神耶和華的名字,以名字稱呼神是討神喜悅的。

況且,所有以為不應該呼讀神名的人,無論猶太人或基督徒,他們都有叫「哈利路亞」 Hallelujah 的習慣。其實當他們每次說 Hallelujah 的時候,已經叫了神的簡名 Jah 耶,只是他們懵然不知而已。他們不但已經叫了神名,而且還叫祂作「Jah 耶」,不是比全名「耶和華」叫得更親切嗎?比如有人不叫我 Nicholas,改叫我短名 Nick,豈不也是叫得更親切嗎?

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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