Home昔日真理報2018年 真理報文章2018 年 5 月【耶和華名譯史】「耶和華」名字翻譯小史(11)

【耶和華名譯史】「耶和華」名字翻譯小史(11)

 

Translate

 

 

《新約》如《舊約》一樣,本來也有耶和華的名

撒旦老謀深算,再下一步便是利用《武加大譯本》開了書寫避諱的不良先例,繼續荼毒日後的外邦天主教徒。隨著《武加大譯本》之歪風,所有其他語文的新舊約聖經或譯本,都要相繼重新抄寫,把所有語文裡面 YHWH「耶和華」的名,全部刪掉,篡改為「主」。

《新約》希臘原文本來也有 YHWH「耶和華」的名字,重新抄寫時,也把原文耶和華 YHWH 名字刪掉,篡改為希臘文 Kyrios 「主」。更不幸的是,新抄本寫好後,本來有耶和華 YHWH 名字的《新約》原文古卷便遭廢棄,從此失傳。沒有了原文,如今《新約》裡但凡有「主」出現的地方,都可能在原文裡是 YHWH「耶和華」。不幸原文的古卷都已失傳,已無從稽考,實在令人惋惜。

《七十士譯本》等聖經文獻怎樣被外邦天主教徒蹂躪

新舊約原文和譯文都被外邦天主教徒蹂躪,耶和華名字蕩然無存,不但原文的《新約》被改寫,所有其他語言譯本也無一倖免,實令猶太人髮指。例如《七十士譯本》Septuagint (LXX), 此乃猶太人希伯來語舊約聖經文獻的希臘文譯本。這譯本裡後來也成了第一世紀使徒和門徒宣教的主流譯本,是猶太人和基督信徒的重點文獻。

公元前 323 年,馬其頓王亞歷山大大帝的版圖由希臘伸展到印度,希臘文成了主流語言。他三十三歲駕崩後,經過四十多年的內戰,他的帝國四分天下,埃及被將領 Ptolemy I Soter 接管,自立為埃及王,並在亞歷山大城市 Alexandria 興建了著名的亞歷山大圖書館,據說曾藏書四十多萬冊。

相傳到約公元前 283 年,二世 Ptolemy II Philadelphus 從耶路撒冷十二支派中,每支派邀請六位猶太學者來埃及,共 72 人,把希伯來文《摩西五經》翻譯成希臘文,為僑居埃及只懂希臘語的猶太人提供譯本。也為圖書館增設一本重要文獻,

《摩西五經》希臘文翻譯後,其他希伯來文的舊約經文翻譯也相繼面世。到公元前132 年,完成整本《舊約》的希臘文翻譯,稱為《七十士譯本》(LXX),代表羅馬數目字七十。七十二位猶太文士在此譯本裡悉心保存了神的名字,希伯來原文 YHWH「耶和華」名字,都一字不漏的轉載在希臘文《七十士譯本》裡。

保羅等宣教士向希臘語外邦人傳福音,都是用此譯本的。《新約》書信是以希臘文撰寫的,而裡面所引述的《舊約》經文,都是節錄自此希臘文《七十士譯本》。倘若經文裡有耶和華的名字,他們必不會刪掉神的名字,卻是連同耶和華名字一同轉載節錄在他們的書信裡。

希臘文《七十士譯本》公元前 132 年面世到現在,差不多二千多年來,猶太人一直都有抄寫重印,他們怎樣大膽也不會把神的名字 YHWH 作任何篡改或刪除。倘若有人這樣做,他又是憑誰的權柄而做的呢?

果然到了《武加大譯本》災難後,當外邦天主教徒重抄《七十士譯本》時,便把所有 YHWH 全部刪掉,改寫成希臘文 Kyrios (主)。現存的希臘文《七十士譯本》,有猶太人的抄本,亦有外邦基督信徒的抄本。猶太人傳下來的,則還有耶和華 YHWH 的名字。基督信徒傳下來的,耶和華 YHWH 名字已蕩然無存,都篡改為 Kyrios「主」了。一本猶太人的《七十士譯本》,原著作者是「耶和華」,落到外邦的天主教徒手上,竟然變成一本「無名天書」,原著作者的名字居然不翼而飛。 猶太人天大膽量也不敢作的事,外邦信徒竟然不知死活地幹起來。

猶太人翻譯《七十士譯本》時,有把耶和華名譯成 Kyrios '主' 嗎?

有些信徒誤以為猶太人的《七十士譯本》(LXX)裡,YHWH 被猶太人翻譯為Kyrios「主」。不會的,他們忽略猶太人對神名字的尊重,操守和堅持。猶太文士抄寫聖經,精準無誤,死海古卷便是證明了這一點,一千年的抄寫都保傳了原文每一個名字,包括神 YHWH 的名字。他們寧願死也不要刪掉聖經裡任何一字,更何況是神的名字呢。

把 YHWH 名字寫成希臘文 Kyrios 「主」,是外邦天主教徒重抄《七十士譯本》時的作為,並非猶太人的作為。1939 年在埃及 Fayyum 地方出土了 Papyrus Fouad 266 等文獻,是公元前第一至第二世紀的《七十士譯本》古本。裡面便有 YHWH 神名的四字神名,也證明了猶太人的《七十士譯本》本來是有 YHWH 神名的。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

Go to top