Home昔日真理報2018年 真理報文章2018 年 5 月【非洲異國情】熱愛遊戲的非洲孩童

【非洲異國情】熱愛遊戲的非洲孩童

 

玩遊戲是人類的天性,用以自娛,可消除日間生活工作的疲勞,更新腦袋,促進社交關係,增添生活情趣。若有對手一起玩,便有遊戲規則依循,考驗參予者的機智耐力,以決勝負。文明社會有消費或不花錢的各種遊戲玩具,如棋藝和紙牌。非洲也有不少地道流行的遊戲,其中有五種是最為各地孩童喜愛的。

伸腿比併跳 Ampe。這是小孩戶外群體接力賽遊戲,源自西非加納國,漸流傳到非洲各國。小孩在學校或平日戶外中最常愛玩的活動。由兩位小孩互相方又跳高和同時拍手,直至大家落地面時,各人估定向前方伸出一條腿。甲方是主方伸出右腳,乙方伸出若與甲方腳同一邊時,甲方便是勝方。 若乙方伸的腿是甲方的左邊,乙方便是勝方,接續由另一位接替負方。當地學童下課小休時,最愛選玩,玩起來既有節奏感,又消耗體力,旁人也同感趣味和作啦啦隊,又可接續作賽,很有趣味。

奪石比拼 Kudoda。這種遊戲運作時,需要有一隻磌碗和 20-30 個波子或小石子。每次由一人參予,先用手將一個石子向天空拋向天空,在石子未返回地面時,他要用一隻手盡快奪取碗內的石子,如是者看 最後誰奪得碗內最好的石子便可勝出。

跳繩比試。遊戲是由兩個人拿著一條長繩子各執一端,由另一位參加跳高比試,參跳者要跳過繩子一定高度,每次增加高度,跳得最高者便獲勝。

呼應比賽 Nyama – Nyama-Nyama。'Nyama' 的意思是「肉食」。這種遊戲玩法簡單,但考驗各人反應。先由主方呼叫一種動物名稱,對方回應。若叫的名字是人可以吃食的,對方便要叫 'Nyama'。若不是可吃的,便不要作聲。這種遊戲挑戰孩童的叫聲、機警和創意。

寶石棋 Mancala。它是非洲國家流行遊戲中最受歡迎的一種靜態遊戲,男女老幼咸宜。Mancala 的字源是從亞拉伯文的 nancala 演變而來,意即「移動」。據聞這活動流傳已有 2500 年歷史,有說是源自古埃及當日建造金字塔的工人,從建築材料中取出一些石頭,加以改造而創製出一種遊戲。材料包括一個棋盤和多種石子,由兩個或四個棋手對壘而玩。棋藝設置內,有一個長型盤,用料有用石板製,或較流行的用實木造 (紅木較耐用),甚或在貧鄉地區,人在地上劃出棋盤的形,就地而玩。棋盤設計,盤的頭尾是兩個較大的洞,兩邊向有六個小洞,各洞放有四小石塊 (可用石卵)。多年在各地流行,各地也發展出地道特有的玩法,至今聞說有七百多種。

寶石棋的玩法。在非洲民間最常採用的玩法, 玩家分甲方乙方各持一邊的六洞,其內的石子,和尾端的大洞,大洞是棋手的基地,一方先開始,先將一洞的石子取出, 將石子順時針方向逐一的放在前面的小洞內,及自身的基地洞內。若最後放石子的洞仍有石子,甲方可再次取出洞內石子繼續玩,但不用放石子在對方的大洞內。不然,最後石子放在一個空的小洞時,甲方便要暫停,轉到乙方抽石子。如此類推,抽出石子,展轉將石子抽放,直到一方週邊小洞留內,石子全抽丟,遊戲終結,看那方基地大洞的石子最多,那方便是羸家。這種遊戲看似簡單,實戰時 即考驗下棋者的機智,計劃下棋每步策略,即是要選用那個小洞作抽石子,考驗下棋的,隨日而多了解棋藝的規則,改進下棋策略。這種智力考驗的遠古遊戲,近年也推廣到歐美。

還有各適其時的玩意和地道卜玩具,如用廢鐵罐或汽水罐創製玩具車和 模擬飛機,又用棄置汽車或自行車的輪胎,把它樹起,用兩枝長木棍在輪軩左右兩側叉著軩內殼推進作賽。孩童從友人或電視看到的玩具後,因擁有慾驅使,愛玩心切,大大增加了他們的仿製力,從用草模造的足球至輪胎推進賽等遊戲而顯露無遺。

在非洲鄉郊,甚至在沒有學校的地區, 孩童們仍很熱愛遊戲。物質和成製的玩具不多,但他們創意和參予力可不低。對比在文明社會,他們珍惜手中唯一個人的傑作,玩起來既感到自豪又陶醉,比起在城市孩童隨手可得的玩具和遊戲更顯珍貴。

參考資料

http://carleeglenn.blogspot.hk/2015/11/popular-african-games-for-kids.html


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampe_(game)

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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