Home昔日真理報2018年 真理報文章2018 年 8 月【社會心】非理性思想(50)--體諒對方的難處

【社會心】非理性思想(50)--體諒對方的難處

 

在上一期我們討論到﹐大多數的情況下,面對同樣的錯失﹐我們會對最愛的人給予最少的體諒。由於他/她所作的不合自己的要求﹐為了要表達對對方的指責和不滿﹐我們很容易用大聲回應對方﹐而引發如此回應的卻都是小事而已!本期我們來接續討論這些磨擦的關鍵點:

體諒對方的難處

為何我們會很容易向最親的人卻卻給予最少的體諒?背後有甚麼心理因素?在家中爭吵時﹐最常聽到的說話是:

「佢都唔明白我!」

「你有冇想過我的感受?」

「你在外邊工作辛苦﹐你估我在家唔辛苦咩?」

父不明白子﹐子不了解父;妻子不明丈夫在外的難處﹐老公不知老婆在家的辛勞。訴說自己辛苦容易﹐明白家人辛苦卻難。

究其原因﹐最大可能的解釋是親人的包容﹐讓我們可以在激動爭吵時無後顧之憂。假如對上級、同事等外人發脾氣﹐很可能損害彼此的關係﹐影響在公司地位。因此﹐我們在工作場所溝通中會有意無意地注意方式和方法﹐較為注意禮貌﹐盡量避免衝突。

而「親人」是比「外人」更穩固的一種關係﹐我們知道﹐即使言行出位﹐即使拿他們當出氣袋﹐也終能獲得寬容、理解、忍耐、體諒﹐覺得他們不會那麼計較、不會長久記恨﹐不會沒有關係﹐不會影響職位。

然而﹐家人並非你的出氣袋﹐你在外面得到的怨氣不滿﹐也不應找家人來發洩﹐這是自私﹐自我中心的行為。若長期如此行﹐對家庭關係只有破壞、裂痕加深。若不盡早止跌回升﹐河堤一裂﹐絕堤便一發不可收拾。不少離婚個案就是起源於彼此衝突太多﹐積怨太多﹐只有苦痛﹐沒有喜樂。

平息怒氣方法

怎樣可以在激動情緒下﹐不去進一步爭吵呢?如何平息怒氣呢?

Social 1從「理性行為治療法」(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT)角度看﹐最基本原則信念就是改變想法﹐帶來改變情緒﹐然後改變行為。其實此三者彼此互動影響﹐即你若改變情緒﹐也會改變你的行為﹐然後也改變你的信念。同樣﹐你改變行為(回應習慣)﹐帶來不同反應﹐使你有不同的情緒(不再以反擊對抗)﹐令你回想甚麼原因有此改變﹐可能你會發現更多更深層的思想認識。

啟動改變「慣性反應模式」

從處理家人爭吵例子看﹐你若能改變以往的大聲回應的慣性行為﹐改為用心聆聽﹐不出聲﹐不反應﹐用心思想對方何以會說出此話﹐從體諒對方的角度去看對方的處境。你願意作一位專心又專注的聆聽者﹐嘗試明白對方的難處﹐然後以平和的語氣說出你的體會。由於你的改變行為﹐也帶動對方的慣性回應方式(行為)有所改變﹐從而啟動了改變情緒﹐改變思想的循環。

簡單來說﹐平息怒氣的方法﹐就是改變自己的慣性反應模式(你可能是凡有批評你的﹐必然重重還擊)﹐改為帶上對方的眼鏡﹐穿上對方的鞋﹐以對方的角度體會其說話的含意﹐可能會令你更容易明白對方「非不願也﹐乃不能也」的處境。由不明﹐到明白﹐到體會﹐到接納﹐到包容﹐你已經不再想如何去反擊對方了!

用心去體會﹐未必是立即解決到問題(problem solving)。但你若能做到讓對方知道「有人明白其難處」﹐已是拉近雙方距離的一大步。一句簡單回應「原來你有很多壓力......」﹐一句鼓勵「睇到你真是用了很多心機去預備......」﹐一些支持「你已經做得很好﹐盡了力......」﹐親和笑容﹐輕手拍膊頭﹐便可能把僵持的局面轉向﹐變為包容、體諒、不再抱怨懷恨﹐化眼淚為笑容。

心理學研究發現﹐人在憤怒時會出現「意識狹窄」現象﹐死咬著「負面資訊」不放。在自己快要情緒失控前﹐試試停下來不說話﹐或者離開現場(time out)﹐讓自己冷靜下來(cool down)。心理學家提示:降低聲音﹐繼而放慢語速﹐胸部向前挺直﹐能有效平息怒氣。

氣頭上往往很難把話說清楚﹐因此﹐當發生爭吵時﹐切記免開尊口﹐先讓對方把話說完﹐虛心誠懇地傾聽﹐才能彼此交心﹐把事情說清楚。放下慣性反擊模式﹐聽清楚對方意思﹐才以平和語氣回應﹐可以避免錯解誤會對方是挑剔批評﹐也可以藉澄清你的觀點而讓對方明白你的看法﹐甚至爭取對方支持你的立場。

Social 2俗話說﹐「忍得一時氣﹐免得百日憂」。記住﹐對親人讓步不丟面子﹐是出於愛。「風平而後浪靜﹐浪靜而後水清﹐水清而後游魚可數。」待風平浪靜後再說﹐可以避免傷了感情。聖經說: 「不輕易發怒的﹐勝過勇士;治服己心的﹐強如取城。」(箴16:32)誠哉﹐斯言!

 

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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