Home昔日真理報2019年 真理報文章2019 年 6 月【耶和華名譯史】「耶和華」名字翻譯小史(23)

【耶和華名譯史】「耶和華」名字翻譯小史(23)

 

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平反神名的過程,峰迴路轉

在平反神名字的過程中,確實峰迴路轉,荊棘滿徒。神的名字,約公元十五世紀,首先出現『Jehovah』的發音,但真正的 Yahweh 名字,千呼萬喚,要過五百多年後,公元二十世紀始出現,卻是浮沉於聖經譯本之中,若隱若現。經歷了四個突破,失而復得,得而復失。

事實上,自公元 405 年的拉丁【武加大譯本】開了『抄寫避諱』歪風,至今還是冤魂不散,導致還有語文譯本,繼續迂腐傳統,墨守成規,翻譯『無名譯本』,聖經裡神的名字蕩然無存。【武加大譯本】的翻譯災難,荼毒日後譯者的深遠,可見一斑。不過,也沒想到在 1966 年,連梵蒂岡羅馬天主教也更正了自己在【武加大譯本】的錯誤,把 Yahweh 的名字全數放回【耶路撒冷譯本】裡,可惜只是曇花一現,後來更立法禁止採用神名,冥頑不靈,執迷不悟,把人的傳統駕馭神心意之上,繼續刪除神名,篡改聖經。

當代漢語信徒,有些是讀中英對照聖經的,也許會察覺到他們的【和合本】有『耶和華』名字,但他們的英文聖經,卻沒有 Jehovah 或 Yahweh 的名。耶和華的我的牧者,變成了 Lord is my shepard,一般的讀者都沒多想便接受了,還是以為是正常的。但同是譯本,不可兩個版本都是對的吧?

如今二十一世紀,『Yahweh』在西方譯本已嶄露頭角,但在漢語譯本則還未廣受關注。當代的漢語信徒,平反神名的工作尚未成功,信徒仍需努力,運籌帷握,為關顧神的感受,修復神的榮耀,作主精兵,穿戴神所賜的全副軍裝,撥亂更正,與撒旦靈戰,前赴後繼,糾纏到底,替父神收復失地,高舉神是『耶威』,修復聖經裡神的名字,靠著主耶穌得勝的名,還看今朝。

猶太人是避諱的始作俑者,但也有不避諱的猶太聖經譯者不避諱地把神的【四字神名 Tetragrammatonיהרה】譯音,但他們都慣用 Jehova,還未曾使用 Yahweh 的譯音

以下是有神名字的猶太譯本:

以下各行順序為:

Jewish Translation;Language;Published Date;Divine name used

● Immanuel Tremellius;Latin;1579;Jehova

● Baruch Spinoza;Latin;1670;Jehova*

● Samuel Cahen;French;1836;Iehovah

● Alexander Harkavy;English;1936;Jehovah**

● Joseph Magil (see below);English;1910vJehovah

● Rabbi L. Golschmidt (see below);German;1921;Yehovah

以下的譯本,特點是不單【舊約】有神的名字,連【新約】也有。這些譯本,把新舊約出現的【四字神名 Tetragrammatonיהרה】音譯為 Yahweh,也把耶穌的名回復原來希百來音譯 Yahshua 或 Yeshua,以尊父與子的名為聖。

Transliterated Sacred Name Bibles

● The New Testament of our Messiah and Saviour Yahshua (1950)

● Holy Name Bible (1963)

● Restoration of Original Sacred Name Bible (1970)

● The Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition (1981)

 

● The Book of Yahweh: The Holy Scriptures (1987)

● Sacred Scriptures, Family of Yah Edition (2000)

● The Holy Bible – Urim-Thummim Version (2001)

● The Word of Yahweh (2003)

● Hebraic Roots Bible (2009, 2012)

● The Restoration Study Bible (2011)

● Names of God Bible (2011, 2014)

普遍天主教用聖經也有神名字的譯本

以下各行順序為:譯本;神名;出現次數

● 1610 Douay–Rheims Bible (DR);Lord

● 1966 Jerusalem Bible (JB);Yahweh;6,823

● 1966 Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (RSV-CE) (Ignatius Bible);Lord

● 1971 New American Bible (NAB);Yahweh;3

● 1985 New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) ;Yahweh;6,823

● 1989 New Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition (NRSV-CE) ;Lord

● 2011 New American Bible Revised Edition (NABRE);Yahweh;3

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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