Home昔日真理報2019年 真理報文章2019 年 7 月【耶和華名譯史】「耶和華」名字翻譯小史(24)

【耶和華名譯史】「耶和華」名字翻譯小史(24)

 

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怎樣證明【新約】本來就有『耶威』的名字?更正【新約】譯本,平反還原父神的名

1)現存的【舊約】與【新約】古本比較

【和合本】的舊約原文底本是【馬所拉文本】(Masoretic Text) ,與今天的最新版本 Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia 大同小異。【馬所拉文本】舊約,感謝有猶太人的悉心保存,他們準確地抄寫,保存了耶威 YHWH 的名字。無論是希伯來語原文,或其他語文譯本,猶太人至今還保全著耶威 YHWH 名字,幾千年來,原汁原味,未有改動過。【和合本】譯者既是翻譯猶太人保存的【舊約】,裡面有耶威名字,所以和合本【舊約】裡便有耶和華名字。

【新約】的希臘文原文底本,歐洲譯者一般都用 1633 年的【公認經文】(Textus Receptus) ,包括 1611 年的 King James Bible (KJV)【英王欽定本】和 1911 年的【和合本】。後來,出土了更古老的希臘文抄本,發現【公認經文】部份內容與之不符。 1881 年,魏斯科 (Brooke Foss Westcott, 1825–1901) 和霍特 (Fenton John Anthony Hort, 1828–1892) 鑑證希臘文原文,出版了全新的希臘文新約版本 The New Testament in the Original Greek,亦稱為 Westcott and Hort (1881) 【魏斯科和霍特文本】。1885 年,按著此新出土的希臘原文,重新翻譯的英文新舊約,出版了 Revised Version (RV) ,又稱 English Revised Version。

俄利根 Origen(古希臘語: Ὠριγένης Ōrigénēs,拉丁語:Origenes Adamantius,185 年-254 年),或譯奧利金、奧利振,生於亞歷山大港,卒於該撒利亞,是基督教中希臘教父的代表人物之一,也是亞歷山太學派的重要代表人物之一,為神學家和哲學家。但是他的數項神學主張被在第二次君士坦丁堡公會議中被定為異端,因此包括天主教會與東方正教會皆未將他列為聖人。他其中最重要著作乃 《六文本合參》或《六欄經文合參》Hexapla,把六種不同的舊約版本並列比較其異同,分六欄對照排列,估計歷時二十年,是由 50 册六千多頁構成的巨製,是《希伯來語經卷》各種文本的合參。哲羅武宣稱他翻譯【武大加譯本】時,便倚重此《六文本合參》的希伯來和希臘對照本作參考。

該撒利亞的優西比烏 Eusebius Caesariensis(生於約 260 年或 275 年—可能卒在 339 年 5 月 30 日)的著作希臘文【教會歷史】The Church History, 記載教會從一到四世紀的歷史,被譽為早期教會歷史之父。

文藝復興時期,著名的荷蘭人文主義思想家和神學家,德西德里烏斯·伊拉斯謨·鹿特丹姆斯Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus(1466 年 10 月 27 日-1536 年 7 月 12 日),史稱 鹿特丹的伊拉斯謨 Erasmus von Rotterdam,是以『纯正』拉丁語寫作的古典學者。他搜集多個千多來的【武加大譯本】古卷,重新整理成為權威拉丁和希臘譯本,被稱【公認文本】Textus Receptus。此希臘譯本成為歐洲多過更正派譯者的底本,例如,德國【馬丁路德譯本】,英國【丁道爾譯本】,【英王欽定本】,西班牙【Reina-Valera 譯本】等,影響深遠。

平反【新約】裡神的名字

平反神名,不單只在【舊約】,還要在【新約】。【舊約】幸而有猶太人給世人保存,他們只是迷信『不呼讀』,絕對不會『不抄寫』,死海古卷,也證明了他們千多年保全了【舊約】裡神的名字。但外邦的基督信徒,便沒有猶太人對聖經的尊重和操守,【新約】原稿落在他們的手上,命運便坎呵了,慘遭蹂躪。本來有『耶威』名字的【新約】都被重新抄寫,原來『耶威』的名全部被刪掉,篡改為『主』,然後便把原來有神名的原稿毀滅,慘不忍睹。不過,雖然有『耶威』名字的古卷都已失傳,但【新約】裡『耶威』的名字,還是有跡可尋,以下舉例證明之。

有甚麼證明【新約】裡有耶威名字

【新約】希臘原文本來也有『耶威 YHWH』的名字。雖然有『耶威』名字的古卷都已失傳,不過還有另一個線索,可證明【新約】有『耶威』名字的。【新約】記載了許多耶穌和信徒們的對話和講道內容,他們一貫作風是引經據典,引述【舊約】經文。而所引述的【舊約】經文當中,有 237 句經文是含有『耶威』名字的。

雖然有耶威名字的新約古本都已失傳,無從稽考,【新約】是以希臘文撰寫的,【新約】作者是從【七十士譯本】節錄這些含有耶威名字的【舊約】經文,節錄時,絕對不敢刪掉神的名字,而是連人帶馬,把名字連同經一起節錄轉載,隻字不漏。因此,【新約】的希臘原文,我們可以肯定起碼在這 237 句引述的【舊約】的經文裡,有耶威的名字。

舉例:約珥書2:32:『到那時候,凡求告耶和華名的就必得救...』這一節【舊約】經文,曾經三次被引述在【新約】裡,經文裡提到耶和華的名字:

• 使徒行傳2:14-21:彼得在五旬節聖靈降臨那日,第一次報道,開門見山,就引述了【約珥書】這句經節: 『彼得和十一個使徒站起...這正是先知約珥所說的...到那時候,凡求告(主)名的,就必得救。』

• 使徒行傳22:16:保羅往大馬士革途中,被耶穌訓話,瞎了眼睛。神差遣亞拿尼亞營救,他向保羅引用了這句經文:『現在你為甚麼耽延呢?起來,求告(他)的名受洗,洗去你的罪。』

• 羅馬書10:13,保羅在信中辯論, 猶太人和希臘人都能得著救恩:『因為』凡求告(主)名的,就必得救。』

彼得,亞拿尼亞,和保羅,三人都引述了約珥書2:32: 『到那時候,凡求告耶和華名的就必得救... 』,經文裡面有耶和華的名。【使徒行傳】的作者路加,和【羅馬書】作者保羅都是猶太人,他們以希臘文撰寫書信,所引述的希臘文【約珥書】經節,便是來自希臘文的【舊約】【七十士譯本】。倘若經節裡有耶和華的名字,他們必不會刪掉,而是恭敬的搬字過紙,原封不動的節錄。【七十士譯本】『到那時候,凡求告耶和華名的,就必得救。』

因此,這三節【新約】經文在古卷【新約】原文必定也是:『到那時候,凡求告耶和華名的就必得救...』。可惜這樣的原文古卷已經失傳,如今流傳在世的,是篡改過的【新約】新抄本而已,怪不得如今的【新約】裡,『耶和華』名字都變了『主』:『到那時候,凡求告(主)名的,就必得救。』

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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