Home昔日真理報2020年 真理報文章2020 年 7 月【我們都是這樣長大的】愛國需要一種神聖的想像力

【我們都是這樣長大的】愛國需要一種神聖的想像力

  

PastorWanng我出生在文革時期的廈門,父親關過牛棚,家裡露台能看到批鬥的場所。幸好三歲就離開中國,當時證件寫的目的地是菲律賓,因祖父曾在菲律賓營商,事實上來了香港定居。家裡不談政治,有關四九後的一切,我都是看書知道的。十八歲在身分證明書(CI)和護照之間作選擇時,毫不猶豫選擇了 CI,要當中國人,而不是英國屬土公民。

八九民運時唸預科,遊行、寫文、演講、自費登報、在學校掛直幡,相當熱心;六四屠城自然成了我們那一代的夢魘,也清楚愛國跟愛黨是兩回事。

之後去了台灣升學,唸師範大學國文系,進入中國文化的世界:從甲骨文、金文、小篆的流變來學習一個個的字;把木刻版的《史記》一句句用紅筆作句讀;按平仄押韻來寫詩填詞。大學畢業前發表了三篇論文,被評為「義理研究的後起之秀」。原初準備以此為志業,只是世事倥傯,沒有上研究所,教了兩年書後回香港。

台灣六年的生活,使我對「中國」有另一種想像,知道她有另一種可能性。陳冠中在 2015 年出版的小說《建豐二年——新中國烏有史》,想像國民黨若在國共內戰中勝出,中國發展的另一種面貌。是的,那個中國還是有她的問題,卻是迥異的局面。歷史發展充滿偶然性,你若明瞭其偶然性,就知道當下的現況沒有任何必然性。專制政權最擅於操控人民的思想,使他們以為現況是唯一的可能性,並且是最好的可能生,對未來失去想像力,害怕任何改變,敵視所有異見者。台灣的學習與生活,為我所理解的「中國」,植入了較完整的文化內涵。

一般來說我們會將文化內涵分為三個層次:器物(生活器具、科技文明等)、制度(政制、法律、風俗習慣等)、理念(宗教、哲學等)。當我們說「愛國」時,這裡面所指向的那個中國可以有巨大的差異。愛甚麼、怎樣愛,人人不同。把某套愛國模式強加在所有人身上,這種「愛」就有操控性,是種獨斷思維。

九六年回港至今將近四分之一個世紀,一直在機構事奉,期間去了建道神學院進修,如今年近半百。這些年見證著大國崛起,見證著愛國主義愈演愈烈,見證著不少人「忽然愛國」,以及逐漸或急速墮落。而在去年的「反送中運動」起,香港教會撕裂,我自己不斷收到投訴以至恐嚇,被罵為「敗類」「惡人」。對我來說,這些都不重要;身為教牧,我在意的是:為甚麼神學和釋經學的成果,好像進不入堂會,大家仍然持守一種金句式、命題式的基要主義?這樣根本不可能作出信仰思辨。而那明明是世俗的、政治的愛國主義,為何可以如此明目張膽進到教會,變成沒有《聖經》根據的《聖經》真理?相反,那貫徹新舊約極其重要的公義公平觀,為何反而被指斥為政治化?

我相信「愛國」是件很世俗的事(聖經的天國觀顯然在抗衡以至取代帝國觀),但世俗的事不等於沒有價值,正如修補牙齒也是世俗的事,但牙痛慘過大病,關鍵反而是:如何用真理批評愛國主義,以至能真正有效地愛國,幫助中國。

很多人執著於保羅「在上有權柄的,人人當順服他,因為沒有權柄不是出於神的」(羅十三1)這段經文,卻無視其上下文、背景,及在《聖經》整個政治神學的脈絡,只見樹木、不見森林。《舊約》先知愛國嗎?他們在愛神的前提下愛國,按著真理去愛國,所以不斷訓斥君王、譴責列國,這才《聖經》真正的政教關係,貫徹全本聖經。

香港有神學院的董事竟然認為不義的政權也是來自神,反對政權就是反對神,完全顛倒是非。道理也有其優次,孟子舉過很好的例子:「嫂溺不援(嫂嫂將淹死而不伸手救助)是豺狼也。男女授受不親,禮也;嫂溺援之以手者,權也(權宜變通)。」順服權柄,是通則;愛鄰如己,卻是大誡命;順服不義的權柄卻等於恨惡你的鄰舍。甚麼是垃圾?好東西放在不洽當的位置就成了垃圾,醬油放在碟子上是調味料,在你衣服上就是污漬,在不洽當的處境順服權柄就是邪惡。

唐崇榮牧師指出,單從字面解釋順服政權,會顯得膚淺。他有個有趣卻合理的論點:推翻現有政權的下一個政權,也是由上帝而來。我舉個例子,掃羅和大衛同時是耶和華的受膏者,一個在朝,一個在野,你要順服哪一個?此外,美國信徒順服美國掌權者、中國信徒順服中國掌權者,美中大戰,大家就打作一團吧!這樣說來,「民要攻打民,國要攻打國」,有賴基督徒順服掌權者來促成,荒謬嗎?

除了讓堅實的神學與釋經進到教會,好好唸點中國文化和歷史也很重要,不要讓自己只黏附於那個器物層面的中國,缺乏歷史感的愛國從來都是危險的。並且要反省我們的愛國論述中,攙雜了多少恐懼或功利的因素。基督徒應該愛國嗎?應該的,基督教要以更好、合乎真理的愛國方式,去抗衡、取代那不好、違反真理的愛國方式。

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

Go to top