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【流離失聖所】複雜形勢下敏捷應變

 

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香港教會面對第三波疫情,加上國安法下的移民潮及前景暗淡,不少堂會正思考怎樣應對,尋索變陣的空間。可是,人心思變,很多人過去已用腳投票表達了,問題是我們認為教會的發展已到了「窮」處的景況,還可以小變則通嗎?

古語有云:「窮則變,變則通,通則久。」意思是指當事物發展到極點、窮盡的時候,就必須求變化,變化之後便能夠通達,適合需要。當然,有時我們雖未至於窮途末路,卻仍盼望柳暗花明。

執筆之際,政府實施一周全日禁止食肆堂食,不少市民及在職人士只能外賣卻沒有地方用膳,有人在路邊木椅上進食,也有人大熱天時下大雨在公園隨行隨食,眾生相令人難堪心酸。面對如此處境,有些堂會能快速應變,開放堂會作臨時「食堂」之用,盡量做足安全措施及指示,提供防疫物品等,實踐接待鄰舍,這是美事。

想起《蛻變教會》所講的「變」,形容教會不斷蛻變是一種常態,卻不是漫無目的,而是放下操控,具有使命與異象前進。然而,我們還是可以拒絕改變?「改變來到與否,我們無法控制,但我們可以選擇歡迎還是抗拒改變。我們可以選擇改變,在所處的世界拓展神的國;也可以選擇退隠到熟識安舒的小眾文化中,自絶於世界。」

無疑,目前的世界很多的不定確,充滿複雜的變數,有時我們難以辨別真假,甚至是優次。誠然,教會是使命群體,形態是聚合與分散,不是建築物。身處遽變的時代,教牧領䄂怎樣調適牧養之道,在複雜中敏捷應變,靈巧像蛇,是當務之急。

新常態中調適轉變

有一位教牧與筆者分享,「經歷一年的社會運動,五個多月的疫情,人心惶惶,來年經濟衰退下的失業潮,加埋國安法,啲人有錢都唔敢用,再唔變,教會真係死得。」他的關注似乎是擔憂經濟與牧養,其實是教會的求變決心。當然,堂會在疫情下的營運,眼前面對是實際的經濟壓力及怎樣牧養,然而長遠的更新發展又不是逼在眉睫!?

疫情下堂會的奉獻安排及影響不一,有些主要選用一般銀行過戶形式,也有些則全面轉為網上進行。我們需要給予信徒時間,讓他們在奉獻的事奉上學習與轉型。聽到不少堂會的奉獻情況,大概收回六至七成,有些教牧開始折薪,亦有教牧知道堂會的奉獻不足之後,主動提出減薪方案,執事領袖卻不批准,認為教會仍能應付,教導各人盡力奉獻。一間中大型堂會透露,疫情至今,奉獻沒有下跌,堂會青年人佔大多數,網上奉獻對他們不難。原來,堂會疫情之前已設有PPS方式,之後還增設轉數快,於是順勢將奉獻全面網絡化。

這陣子,確實有些教會因應疫情成為常態及未來的政局震盪,加速變陣,例如將崇拜分區及小組化,試驗微型教會的運作。一間小組化的教會,已計劃將現有堂會的單位轉租細一半的地方,減少租金壓力。這位教牧還侃侃而談,「我地計過度過,地方少左一半都夠坐,但要將地方變得多元功能,在設計上花點心思,如hea區及親子活動等,而教牧同工就吾一定要在office才work,行政區則要有地方辦工較好。而若需特別聚會則安排一半係大堂,一半係小組房同副堂。聯合崇拜我哋一年一次,都係租外面的地方。同工每人有一部notebook就得,而小組就鼓勵係屋企或會租一次性party room或其他場地。」筆者十分欣賞這位牧者的敏捷反應,敢於與領袖層共謀對策,擔起領導,付諸實行。當然,其他以傳統團契及大組運作的堂會,在策動聚會的新方式及改動上,便要拆牆鬆綁,也不容易。

在遽變裡敏捷應變

在遽變的時代,我們承認在不確定中,有恐慌與混亂,不知怎樣才行。教牧領䄂可以運用「敏捷」(agility)的策略,作出適切的對應,冒險與試驗。「敏捷」是一種特質與能力,是指「領導者評估當下情況,即時調配人力、運用資源、掌握時機,達成目標;也就是有效地運用風險智慧、決斷力、靈活執行力。」(《敏捷》)

誠然,我們看到現時不少堂會所作的正是「敏捷」的對立面,就是「不作為」,因著過去的衝突撕裂,挫敗而來的恐懼,集體以較負面的觀點看待改變,害怕高風險的行動。這種「不作為」只是為了少修少補?未到時候?抑或實情是不想付出代價?

要達至敏捷應變,有效偵測和評估,訂立明確的目標,決斷力和求勝意志等,是關鍵所在。「敏捷」是近年管理學上探討的應變能力,是危機領導不可或缺的變革思維,值得我們有更多認識,從而强化領導力。

在複雜處探詢求變

筆者觀察很多堂會的小組及團契陷於停滯,有式微的情況,流失及老化不只是青黃不接,而是窒礙堂會的健全發展。於2017至2019年,共有四十二間堂會參與「教新」的自然教會發展(Natural Church Development)測試,超過五成堂會(56%)的弱項之一,就是「整全成長的小組/團契」(holistic small groups)。

迎向未來數年,教會的小組/團契事工極待更新,甚至要有更大幅度的整合,作出新的嘗試。反之,處於被動的堂會,若不及早策動改變,在大形勢的衝擊下,便會加速衰落,自然被淘汰。

華人教會處處是家長式的領導,堂會中人很怕做錯事,常有「不許出錯」的文化,大大減弱應對不確定與複雜處境的能力。《複雜應變力》中討論針對這種管理思維的陷阱,提醒我們要容許在實踐中出錯誤,從試驗中不斷修訂,逐步找出方案。「面對複雜的情境或問題時,傳統的分析法並不能幫助我們決策,試驗法才是應當採取的方法。管理者可以施加一定的刺激,去激發更豐富的行為,這就屬於試驗法。接下來可以評估這種行為,如果符合預期就可以强化,反之則可以採取相應的干預措施。」香港教牧領袖要擺脫「怕錯」的魔咒,全力支持較年青的領袖承擔與嘗試,要做到信任到底,才能跨代服侍。

結語

面對未來,危機處處,「不變應萬變」的思維已不合時宜。若要等到有「萬無一失」的方案才起步,則恐怕惟時已晚。祈求上主賜下智慧與勇氣,幫助祂的百姓子民,在看似破局的暗黑前景中,心意更新而變化,憑祢意行。

(作者為香港教會更新運動副總幹事)

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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