Home昔日真理報2020年 真理報文章2020 年 11 月【何事得個貧?】疫境下的貧友

【何事得個貧?】疫境下的貧友

 

不知道你有沒有「呻窮」的習慣?每當在社交媒體上看到展示吃喝玩樂、旅行購物的相片及帖文時,你曾否內心不禁與他人比較,覺得自己很窮?

國際有一個指標去定義極端貧窮。若你每天只得少於 1.9 美元的收入生活,你便是活在國際貧窮線以下。世界銀行指出,2017 年有接近 6.9 億人活於這種生活之中 [1] ,約佔全球人口百分之九。雖然極端貧窮人口在過去近 25 年以來逐步減少,但是在 2020 年初新冠肺炎疫情蔓延全球下,加上人為氣候暖化以及各地衝突的影響,預料有關數字將會首度上升,新增極端貧窮人口由近 9,000 萬至 1.15 億不等。[2]

可想而知,當發達國家的人民擔心疫情衝擊經濟,引致失業率攀升時,發展中國家的貧窮人的境況更是苦不堪言──他們不但擔心感染病毒,而且恐怕因疫症導致全家生計不保、欠缺糧食。為了求存,他們拼命尋找出路。他們每每因貧窮、欠缺危機意識,被迫出賣身體、被迫結婚等。

筆者曾於 2019 年到訪孟加拉貧民地區。孟加拉作為全球第二大成衣出口國家,當地製衣業僱用了數百萬名工人(主要是女性),為西方等地的時裝品牌生產衣服。5 月時有報導指疫情全球大流行導致服裝銷量急劇下降,總值逾30億美元的孟加拉服裝工廠訂單遭取消或暫停,二百萬個職位恐怕被裁減。貧窮人一旦失去謀生機會,很多時會淪為人口販子的「獵物」。人口販子會裝出「事業有成」的樣子到貧窮村落,欺騙村民只要外出打工賺取金錢,便可像人口販子般「身光頸靚」。貧窮人因此墮入對方陷阱,被販賣做奴工或賣去紅燈區。施達基金會在孟加拉的夥伴,就專責協助被販賣的婦女,教導她們手藝,讓她們有一技之長,可以離開性剝削的黑暗環境。區內一個婦女Farishta(化名),她一家四口住在一個天橋與旁邊斜坡之間的狹窄空間,家境貧困。生活迫人,她曾從事性工作,直至夥伴的鼓勵下決定離開,另覓謀生方法,也完成了夥伴提供的手工藝職業培訓。

另外,當地童婚問題嚴重,有 1,300 萬人是在 15 歲之前結婚,而每十個童婚新娘之中,接近一半在 18 歲之前成為母親。[3]貧民窟女孩子聽到筆者談及香港女性平均結婚年齡大約 30 歲,她們大為驚訝。童婚問題可以因文化風俗而引起,但筆者亦聽到不少例子是因家境貧困所致。貧窮家庭為了減輕開支,將女兒賣給他人作「新娘」。近年,在另一個童婚問題嚴重的國家 -- 印度,雖然有關問題有減緩跡象,但在疫情影響下,此惡習又死灰復燃。施達基金會的印度夥伴向我們表示,有位 12 歲的女孩名叫 Hiya(化名),她的家人為了 20,000 印度盧比(折合 269 美元),把 Hiya 賣給一名 50 歲男人,夥伴欲救無門。另一位女孩 Akshara(化名)只得 8 歲,被迫嫁給 40 歲的男人,幸好夥伴同工及社區居民機警,及時採取行動,將女孩救出,最終女孩倖免於難。

 

ShiDa 1

施達基金會在印度的夥伴於貧村開設識字中心兼反兒童販賣學會

 

聯合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室就疫情大流行對人口販賣的影響,在今年 4 月發表初步報告。報告特別提到在某些國家,學校因疫情而關門,很多窮孩子無法如往時般從學校獲取營養食品,被迫流落街頭尋找食物或工作。這不單增加了他們感染病毒的風險,而且使他們更易受到侵害。筆者早前參與「亞洲地區反人口販賣會議」,會議其中一個工作坊就提到兒童在網上遭受性剝削愈趨嚴重 -- 菲律賓、泰國及柬埔寨的反人口販賣機構代表均表示,隨着疫情下不少兒童改為在網上學習和社交,他們在網上被騙或被迫拍下淫穢照片及影片的個案上升。上文提到印度夥伴也道出貧窮孩子的苦況:他們由於家裏沒有上網設備,因此須離家徒步接近 50 公里,前往電腦中心上課。路途遙遠又增加了他們被拐賣的危機。

如此說來,貧窮人是否沒有出路?以 Farishta 為例,她在完成培訓課程後,尋求發展其他職業。在尋索期間,她得靠賣紙皮為生,每日賺取微薄收入。縱然生活仍非常艱難,可是 Farishta 沒有因此而灰心喪志。有一次,她在街上看見一個男孩,孤獨一人,無依無靠。她就動了慈心,更決定收留他,帶他回家,給他衣服、食物和學習的機會。

 

ShiDa 2

Farishta 收留的男孩


這例子說明,貧窮人生活誠然十分艱苦,但他們在能力所及時,也希望將祝福與人分享,讓別人能夠得着愛的溫暖,重拾尊嚴。疫情對扶貧工作的確帶來影響,但貧窮人自身的力量我們不可輕看。上主沒有賜給我們有行「五餅二魚」神蹟的能力,但祂給予我們足夠的愛,讓我們有力量去愛護有需要的人。

「在耶和華──你神所賜你的地上,無論哪一座城裏,你弟兄中若有一個窮人,你不可忍着心、揝着手不幫補你窮乏的弟兄。總要向他鬆開手,照他所缺乏的借給他,補他的不足。」(申十五7-8)

[1] https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview

[2] 同上

[3] https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/ending-child-marriage-profile-progress-bangladesh
 

(作者為香港施達基金會推廣拓展部主管)

 

      聖經金句 (Bible Verses)

喜樂 Joy

喜樂的心乃是良藥;憂傷的靈使骨枯乾。箴言 17:22
A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. Proverbs 17:22

然而,我要因耶和華歡欣,因救我的 神喜樂。哈巴谷書 3:18
yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will be joyful in God my Savior. Habakkuk 3:18

要常常喜樂,不住的禱告,凡事謝恩。帖撒羅尼迦前書 5:16-17
Rejoice always, pray continually, give thanks in all circumstances. 1 Thessalonians 5:16-17

饒恕 Forgiveness

主啊,你本為良善,樂意饒恕人,有豐盛的慈愛賜給凡求告你的人。詩篇 86:5
You, Lord, are forgiving and good, abounding in love to all who call to you. Psalm 86:5

你不要說:“我要以惡報惡”;要等候耶和華,他必拯救你。箴言 20:22
Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the LORD, and he will avenge you. Proverbs 6:14

你們饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯;馬太福音 6:14
For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. Matthew 6:14

你們不饒恕人的過犯,你們的天父也必不饒恕你們的過犯。馬太福音 6:15
But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. Matthew 6:15

你們各人若不從心裡饒恕你的弟兄,我天父也要這樣待你們了。馬太福音 18:35
This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart. Matthew 18:35

謙卑 Humility

敬畏耶和華是智慧的訓誨;尊榮以前,必有謙卑。箴言 15:33
Wisdom’s instruction is to fear the LORD, and humility comes before honor. Proverbs 15:33

敬畏耶和華心存謙卑,就得富有、尊榮、生命為賞賜。箴言 22:4
Humility is the fear of the LORD; its wages are riches and honor and life. Proverbs 22:4

凡事不可結黨,不可貪圖虛浮的榮耀;只要存心謙卑,各人看別人比自己強。腓立比書 2:3
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Philippians 2:3

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

驕傲 Pride

驕傲來,羞恥也來;謙遜人卻有智慧。箴言 11:2
When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom. Proverbs 11:2

驕傲只啟爭競;聽勸言的,卻有智慧。箴言 13:10
Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves. Proverbs 13:10

驕傲在敗壞以先;狂心在跌倒之前。箴言 16:18
Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. Proverbs 16:18

但他賜更多的恩典,所以經上說:神阻擋驕傲的人,賜恩給謙卑的人。雅各書 4:6
But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says:“God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.” James 4:6

忍耐 Patience

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

並且你們要為我的名,被眾人恨惡,惟有忍耐到底的,必然得救。馬可福音 13:13
Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end will be saved. Mark 13:13

不但如此,就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance. Romans 5:3

我們行善,不可喪志;若不灰心,到了時候就要收成加拉太書 6:9
Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. Galatians 6:9

你們也當忍耐,堅固你們的心,因為主來的日子近了。雅各書 5:8
You too, be patient and stand firm, because the Lord’s coming is near. James 5:8

溫柔 Meekness

回答柔和,使怒消退;言語暴戾,觸動怒氣。箴言 15:1
A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger. Proverbs 15:1

溫柔的人有福了,因為他們必承受地土。馬太福音 5:5
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Matthew 5:5

用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人;或者 神給他們悔改的心,可以明白真道。提摩太後書 2:25
Opponents must be gently instructed, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth. 2 Timothy 2:25

只要以裡面存著長久溫柔、安靜的心為妝飾;這在 神面前是極寶貴的。彼得前書 3:4
Rather, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God’s sight. 1 Peter 3:4

嫉妒 Envy

不要為作惡的心懷不平,也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。詩篇 37:1
Do not fret because of those who are evil or be envious of those who do wrong. Psalm 37:1

心中安靜是肉體的生命;嫉妒是骨中的朽爛。箴言 14:30
A heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones. Proverbs 14:30

在何處有嫉妒、紛爭,就在何處有擾亂和各樣的壞事。雅各書 3:16
For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. James 3:16

生氣 Anger

當止住怒氣,離棄忿怒;不要心懷不平,以致作惡。詩篇 37:8
Refrain from anger and turn from wrath; do not fret—it leads only to evil. Psalm 37:8

好生氣的人,不可與他結交;暴怒的人,不可與他來往。箴言 22:24
Do not make friends with a hot-tempered person, do not associate with one easily angered. Proverbs 22:24

愚妄人怒氣全發;智慧人忍氣含怒。箴言 29:11
Fools give full vent to their rage, but the wise bring calm in the end. Proverbs 29:11

生氣卻不要犯罪.不可含怒到日落。以弗所書 4:26
In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry. Ephesians 4:26

我親愛的弟兄們,這是你們所知道的,但你們各人要快快的聽,慢慢的說,慢慢的動怒,因為人的怒氣並不成就 神的義。雅各書 1:19,20
My dear brothers and sisters, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, because human anger does not produce the righteousness that God desires. James 1:19,20

災難 Calamity

謹守口與舌的、就保守自己免受災難。箴言 21:23
Those who guard their mouths and their tongues keep themselves from calamity. Proverbs 21:23

民要攻打民、國要攻打國、多處必有地震、饑荒.這都是災難的起頭。馬可福音 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning of birth pains. Mark 13:8

憂愁 Worry

你們不要憂愁、因靠耶和華而得的喜樂是你們的力量。尼希米記 8:10
Do not grieve, for the joy of the LORD is your strength. Nehemiah 8:10

主雖使人憂愁, 還要照他諸般的慈愛發憐憫。耶利米哀歌 3:32
Though he brings grief, he will show compassion, so great is his unfailing love. Lamentations 3:32

凡勞苦擔重擔的人,可以到我這裡來,我就使你們得安息。馬太福音 11:28
Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Matthew 11:28

我留下平安給你們、我將我的平安賜給你們.我所賜的、不像世人所賜的.你們心裏不要憂愁、也不要膽怯。約翰福音 14:27
Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. John 14:27

應當一無掛慮,只要凡事藉著禱告、祈求和感謝,將你們所要的告訴神。神所賜出人意外的平安,必在基督耶穌裡,保守你們的心懷意念。腓立比書 4:6,7
Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. Philippians 4:6,7

因此, 你們是大有喜樂, 但如今, 在百般的試煉中暫時憂愁。彼得前書 1:6
In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 1 Peter 1:6

患難 Trouble, Suffering

義人多有苦難,但耶和華救他脫離這一切。詩篇 34:19
The righteous person may have many troubles, but the LORD delivers him from them all. Psalm 34:19

神是我們的避難所,是我們的力量,是我們在患難中隨時的幫助!詩篇 46:1
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Psalm 46:1

耶和華本為善,在患難的日子為人的保障,並且認得那些投靠他的人。那鴻書 1:7
The LORD is good, a refuge in times of trouble. He cares for those who trust in him. Nahum 1:7

為義受逼迫的人有福了,因為天國是他們的。馬太福音 5:10
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Matthew 5:10

不但如此,就是在患難中,也是歡歡喜喜的。因為知道患難生忍耐。羅馬書 5:3
Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; Romans 5:3

我想現在的苦楚,若比將來要顯於我們的榮耀,就不足介意了。羅馬書 8:18
I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. Romans 8:18

因為你們蒙恩,不但得以信服基督,並要為他受苦。腓立比書 1:29
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him. Philippians 1:29

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